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Every factor in MasterBrain is traceable to a named publication. This is that list — each source with the licence we hold it under, when it was published, how often it changes, and whether we may redistribute it.

249 sources · 232 currently drawn on · 138 redistributable · 226 licence-reviewed

Source Publisher Licence Year Updates Redistribution
10 CFR 430.32(v)(2): energy conservation standards for dehumidifiers manufactured on or after June 13, 2019 CFR_10_430_32_V2_DEHUMIDIFIERS dehumidifiers.usa.doe_2019.min_ief.*. Excerpt in handoffs/phase-92-dehumidifiers/. US Department of Energy, Code of Federal Regulations Title 10 Part 430 US federal regulation, public domain 2026 as amended Redistributable US federal regulation text is public domain
10 CFR 430.32: Energy and water conservation standards and their compliance dates ECFR_10CFR430_32 plug_loads.usa.eps.no_load_max_w.* (paragraph (w), external power supplies; the Level VI table is an image from 79 FR 7845, 10 February 2014). US Department of Energy, Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR current) Public domain (US federal regulation) 2026 on rulemaking Redistributable US federal regulation, public domain — redistributable
10 CFR Part 430, Subpart B, Appendix E: Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Water Heaters ECFR_10CFR430_APPX_E water_heating.usa.test.daily_draw_gal.{low,medium,high} (38 / 55 / 84 gallons a day). US Department of Energy, Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR current) Public domain (US federal regulation) 2026 on rulemaking Redistributable US federal regulation, public domain — redistributable
10 CFR part 430 subpart B appendix A, Uniform test method for refrigerators and refrigerator-freezers, 2026 edition CFR_10_430_APPX_A_2026 refrigerators.usa.test_procedure.icemaker_kwh_per_day. Excerpt in handoffs/phase-121-fridge/. US Department of Energy, Code of Federal Regulations (annual edition, govinfo) US federal regulation, public domain 2026 annual edition Redistributable US federal regulation text is public domain
2024/2025 Residential Heat Pump Pricing Study (MA25X05-BR-RHPINV2) MA_EEAC_HP_PRICING_2026 Recent high-cost-region invoice data (heating_systems.usa.installed_cost.ma_*), August 2025 USD. NMR Group for the Massachusetts Program Administrators and Energy Efficiency Advisory Council, final 2026-03-06 Public evaluation report; figures cited with attribution 2026 periodic program evaluation Redistributable three cited summary statistics with attribution; report terms not separately reviewed
ADEME AGRIBALYSE® v3.2 — French food product life-cycle database (Synthèse) ADEME_AGRIBALYSE_V32 Agence de la transition écologique (ADEME) / INRAE Licence Ouverte / Open Licence (Etalab) 2026 periodic (dataset agribalyse-31-synthese, last updated 2026-06-30) Redistributable Licence Ouverte v2.0 (Etalab) — explicitly compatible with CC BY 4.0; redistributable with attribution
ADEME Base Carbone® — French national emission factor database ADEME_BASE_CARBONE_2026 ADEME Base Empreinte Agence de la transition écologique (ADEME) Licence Ouverte / Open Licence (Etalab) 2026 continuous (dataset last updated 2026-06-30) Redistributable Licence Ouverte v2.0 (Etalab) — explicitly compatible with CC BY 4.0; redistributable with attribution
AWS Sustainability User Guide — Customer Carbon Footprint methodology and CSV reports AWS_SUSTAINABILITY_UG_2026 AWS Sustainability service replaces CCFT after 2026-06-30 deprecation. LBM and MBM dual reporting; physical-first allocation; 6yr IT hardware amortization, 50yr building amortization. One concrete per-region value cited (us-west-2 Oregon 2025 example: 500 kgCO2e/MWh). No public per-region CSV — CCFT/Sustainability data is per-account only. Amazon Web Services, Inc. AWS Documentation © 2026 Amazon Web Services — fair-use citation for methodology 2026 monthly recasts; methodology versions tracked in console release notes Read & cite only proprietary or paid licence — cited under fair use, not redistributable
Apple Product Environmental Reports (iPhone) APPLE_PRODUCT_ENVIRONMENTAL_REPORTS Backs consumer_devices.apple.<model>.<storage>.total (launch-report values) and the iPhone 18 Pro and iPhone Duo 256 GB phase rows. PDFs at apple.com/environment/pdf/products/iphone/<file>; copies in ~/gc-sources/apple/. AR6 GWP100 stated from the iPhone 15 report (2023) onward. Apple Inc., per-model Product Environmental Reports published at launch, iPhone 11 (2019) to iPhone 18 Pro and iPhone Duo (September 2026); ISO 14040/14044/14067 life cycle assessment © Apple Inc., all rights reserved 2026 per product launch Read & cite only Company report, all rights reserved — fair-use citation of published figures only; not redistributable
CO2emissiefactoren.nl — Nederlandse lijst CO2-emissiefactoren 2026 (dd 16-08-2026) NL_CO2EMISSIEFACTOREN_2026 Rijkswaterstaat and Stichting Stimular, for the collaboration with Milieu Centraal, SKAO, Connekt and the Dutch government Custom permission published in the site FAQ, NOT a named open licence: "Ja, de lijst is openbaar en gratis toegankelijk", "Gebruik is gratis", conditional on "Vermeld dan wel de bron: www.co2emissiefactoren.nl". Use in a third-party CO2 instrument is EXPLICITLY contemplated — "Wilt u de lijst gebruiken in uw CO2-instrument? Neem dan een duidelijke bronverwijzing op en laat het ons weten" — and carries a notification condition as well as attribution. 2026 annual Read & cite only REFUSED FAIL-CLOSED. Use and embedding in a CO2 instrument are granted with attribution, but bulk redistribution AS A DATASET is not addressed anywhere in the grant, and commercial resale is not stated (only that the publisher charges nothing). Per section 8.4 an absence of restriction is not a grant. Serve per-lookup on /v1/factors and /calculate/*; EXCLUDE from the bulk /corpus feed, as with the CC BY-SA EXIOBASE_v3_8 rows. Notification of the publisher is owed under the grant and is the route to lifting this.
Carnival Corporation 2025 Sustainability Report CARNIVAL_SR_FY2025 Backs cruise.operator.carnival_corp.* intensity rows. Environmental Progress Summary on PDF p.73. Copy in ~/gc-sources/cruise/. Carnival Corporation and plc, sustainability report for fiscal year 2025 (December 2024 to November 2025), published July 2026; GHG data verified by LRQA All rights reserved (company publication) 2026 annual Read & cite only Company report, all rights reserved — fair-use citation of published figures only; not redistributable
Carnival plc Annual Report, year ended November 30, 2025 CARNIVAL_AR_FY2025 Backs cruise.operator.carnival_corp.fy2025.passenger_cruise_days and .albd (occupancy 105%). Carnival plc annual report filed with the SEC (EDGAR 0001125259-26-000019), Strategic Report statistical information All rights reserved (company publication) 2026 annual Read & cite only Company report, all rights reserved — fair-use citation of published figures only; not redistributable
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2026/1740 of 20 July 2026 correcting Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2621 as regards the establishment of default values CBAM_DEFAULT_2026 EU CBAM Adopted 20 July 2026, in force 3 August 2026, applies retroactively from 1 January 2026. Replaces Reg (EU) 2025/2621 Annex I (per-country defaults) and Annex IV (highest default values) IN FULL. Two structural changes vs the superseded annexes: (a) the corrected annexes publish BASE default values only — the mark-up-inclusive figures are no longer printed, with the mark-up left to the declarant or the CBAM Registry; (b) white vs grey clinker and hydraulic cement are distinguished by 10-digit TARIC code rather than 8-digit CN. Transcribed from the Commission DV workbook "DV correcting act_final update_06.08.xlsx" (version-history sheet: v2, 2026-08-06), sha256 900583811c7e1194799eb9bdbad2d6d7e1100f5a7d80a664c1584a8fce6f9f35, published for information alongside the legally binding regulation. European Commission DG TAXUD EU Official Journal — free use with attribution 2026 periodic Commission updates per Art. 7 of Reg (EU) 2023/956 Redistributable EU Official Journal — Commission reuse policy permits redistribution with attribution
Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), US city average, all items, series CUUR0000SA0 BLS_CPI_U price_indices.usa.cpi_u.* for restating dollar-year costs. US Bureau of Labor Statistics Public domain (US government work) 2026 monthly Redistributable US government work, public domain — redistributable with attribution
DOE Energy Saver: Electric Resistance Heating DOE_ENERGYSAVER_ELECTRIC_RESISTANCE space_heaters.usa.electric_resistance_efficiency. Read from the Internet Archive capture of 2026-01-01; excerpt in handoffs/phase-93-space-heaters/. US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Energy Saver US government work 2026 unscheduled web page Redistributable US government work; cited figures with attribution
DOE Energy Saver: Small Space Heaters DOE_ENERGYSAVER_SMALL_SPACE_HEATERS space_heaters.usa.cpsc_estimate.*. Read from an Internet Archive capture; excerpt in handoffs/phase-93-space-heaters/. US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Energy Saver US government work 2026 unscheduled web page Redistributable US government work; cited figures with attribution
Developing Infrastructure to Charge Electric Vehicles (Alternative Fuels Data Center) AFDC_EV_INFRASTRUCTURE ev_charging.usa.home_level2_charger_hardware_usd.*; AFDC cites a Rocky Mountain Institute report. Excerpt in handoffs/phase-87-ev-charging/. US Department of Energy, Alternative Fuels Data Center Public domain (US government work) 2026 irregular Redistributable US government work, public domain — redistributable with attribution
Digiconomist Bitcoin Energy Consumption Index (Alex de Vries, ongoing live economic-perspective model; methodology grounded in de Vries 2018 Joule + de Vries 2021 Joule) DIGICONOMIST_BTC Digiconomist (Alex de Vries, De Nederlandsche Bank) Research use with attribution; site materials cite per academic convention. Carbon intensity derived from miner-location data published in Nature Communications (de Vries & Stoll 2021) post-China crackdown baseline. 2026 live model — annualised electricity, carbon footprint, e-waste, and per-transaction metrics updated continuously Read & cite only reviewed; upstream terms do not permit redistribution
Direct plus indirect energy and greenhouse gas emissions intensity, by industry — Table 38-10-0098-01, February 2026 release STATCAN_3810009801_2026 Primary source for spend_based.can.* rows. DOI 10.25318/3810009801-eng. Published unit is tonnes CO2e per thousand current dollars of production, numerically identical to kg CO2e per CAD. GWP set is stated on the underlying physical flow account (Table 38-10-0097-01, note 2): CH4 28 and N2O 265, which is AR5 100-year. Coverage is CO2, CH4 and N2O only — F-gases are not in the account. The publisher states these intensities are single-year measures and should not be read as a time series, so only the latest year (2022) is carried. Statistics Canada, Environment Accounts and Statistics Division Statistics Canada Open Licence 2026 annual Redistributable Statistics Canada Open Licence — worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive licence to use, reproduce, publish, freely distribute OR SELL the Information, and to create and sell Value-added Products from it. Read on the publisher's own host (statcan.gc.ca/en/reference/licence) on 2026-08-16. Conditioned on attribution and on not implying endorsement. Required attribution for unmodified reproduction: "Source: Statistics Canada, Table 38-10-0098-01, February 2026. Reproduced and distributed on an 'as is' basis with the permission of Statistics Canada." Values are carried unchanged, so the reproduction wording applies rather than the Value-added wording.
ENERGY STAR Certified Residential Refrigerators (dataset p5st-her9) ENERGYSTAR_CERTIFIED_REFRIGERATORS refrigerators.usa.energystar.*. 4,853-model snapshot (columns used) in handoffs/phase-121-fridge/. US EPA ENERGY STAR program US government work 2026 continuous (models added as certified) Redistributable US government work; cited figures with attribution
ENERGY STAR Certified Televisions (dataset pd96-rr3d) ENERGYSTAR_CERTIFIED_TVS plug_loads.usa.tv.on_mode_w.*, plug_loads.usa.tv.standby_w.*. 184-model snapshot (columns used) in handoffs/phase-120-tv/. US EPA ENERGY STAR program US government work 2026 continuous (models added as certified) Redistributable US government work; cited figures with attribution
ENERGY STAR Dehumidifiers: buying guidance, recommended capacity chart ENERGYSTAR_DEHUMIDIFIER_SIZING dehumidifiers.usa.energystar_sizing.*. Excerpt in handoffs/phase-92-dehumidifiers/. US EPA ENERGY STAR program US government work 2026 unscheduled web page Redistributable US government work; cited figures with attribution
ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Dehumidifiers, Version 6.0 ENERGYSTAR_DEHUMIDIFIERS_V6 dehumidifiers.usa.energystar_v6.*. Excerpt in handoffs/phase-92-dehumidifiers/. US EPA ENERGY STAR program US government work 2026 on specification revision Redistributable US government work; cited figures with attribution
ENERGY STAR Recommended Home Insulation R-Values (retrofit table) ENERGYSTAR_ATTIC_R_VALUES building_energy.usa.attic.recommended_r.*. Page text saved in handoffs/phase-85-attic-insulation/. US EPA ENERGY STAR, based on the 2021 IECC residential provisions Table R402.1.3 Public domain (US government work) 2026 on code updates Redistributable US government work, public domain — redistributable with attribution
Electric Power Monthly, Table 5.6.B: Average Price of Electricity to Ultimate Customers by End-Use Sector, by State, Year-to-Date EIA_EPM_TABLE_5_6_B State residential electricity prices for the Solar Panel Calculator (energy_prices.usa.electricity.residential.*). xlsx fetched from https://www.eia.gov/electricity/monthly/xls/table_5_06_b.xlsx via a US host; copy in handoffs/phase-79-solar-economics/. U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Electric Power Monthly, September 2026 release (data through July 2026) Public domain (US government work); EIA asks for attribution 2026 monthly (preliminary figures revised in later releases) Redistributable US government work, public domain — redistributable with attribution
Emissions Reporting Framework 2025-26 — Tables and Figures AU_FINANCE_ERF_2025_26 Department of Finance, Australian Government CC BY 4.0, ESTABLISHED 2026-08-18 FROM THE PUBLISHER'S OWN NOTICE. finance.gov.au/about-us/copyright-notice: "All material presented on this website is provided under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence, with the exception of: the Commonwealth Coat of Arms, Finance's logo, content supplied by third parties, material protected by trademark, any images and/or photographs, other content as specified." Required attribution, verbatim from the notice: "(c) Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Finance [title of the work and publication year]". The workbook's own "(c) Commonwealth of Australia 2026" line asserts copyright and states no terms, so the site-wide grant supplies them under its "unless otherwise noted" clause. Read via web.archive.org snapshot 20250708202113 because finance.gov.au still returns HTTP 000 from our environment — the host is unreachable, not the licence unknowable, and the distinction is the whole reason this took two days. 2026 annual Redistributable CC BY 4.0 with attribution — redistributable. The grant that was missing has been read: see `license` for the verbatim wording and the archive snapshot. THE ONE WEAK LINK, STATED RATHER THAN GLOSSED: the grant covers "material presented on this website" and excludes "content supplied by third parties", so it reaches Tables 23 and 24 by the ABSENCE of a third-party attribution on them. An absence is normally not evidence here (section 8.4). It carries weight in this one case because the SAME WORKBOOK demonstrates the publisher labels third-party material when it exists — Table 22 is attributed in its own source line to the UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, which is why we declined to ingest it as Australian data. A publisher that labels one table and not another is making a distinction, not omitting one. Attribution is therefore owed on redistribution: "(c) Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Finance, Emissions Reporting Framework 2025-26". Rows now serve on /v1/factors, /calculate/* AND the bulk /corpus feed.
Evaluating End-User Device Energy Models in Sustainability Reporting of Browser-Based Web Services (Kirkeby, Lagermann — Roskilde University) KIRKEBY_LAGERMANN_2026_EUD_ENERGY Empirical measurement of 4 laptops (Dell Latitude 7490, HP EliteBook 830 G6, Dell Latitude E5250, Dell Latitude E5550). Best-fit power 9.17–12.43 W; idle 4.88–6.32 W. Finds constant-power frameworks Digst (22 W) and DIMPACT (15 W) systematically overestimate modern laptops. ACM SAC '26 — arXiv:2510.12566 v1 arXiv perpetual non-exclusive licence; ACM author submission 2026 stable (SAC'26 conference paper) Read & cite only reviewed; upstream terms do not permit redistribution
Fuel economy data (vehicles.csv), fueleconomy.gov EPA_FUELECONOMY_VEHICLES vehicle_efficiency.usa.*. Preset rows in handoffs/phase-87-ev-charging/epa_vehicles_presets.csv. US EPA and US DOE, fueleconomy.gov Public domain (US government work) 2026 as models are certified Redistributable US government work, public domain — redistributable with attribution
GHG Protocol Corporate Standard GHG_CORP GHG Protocol Corporate WRI / WBCSD All rights reserved — reproduction and commercial distribution require written agreement; the Corporate Standard is not among the two publications released under CC BY 4.0 (ghgprotocol.org/terms-use) 2026 periodic revisions Read & cite only reviewed; upstream terms do not permit redistribution
GHG Protocol Land Sector and Removals Standard GHG_PROTOCOL_LSR_2026 Registered GHG Protocol LSR 2026 WRI / WBCSD All rights reserved — reproduction and commercial distribution require written agreement; the LSR Standard is not among the two publications released under CC BY 4.0 (ghgprotocol.org/terms-use) 2026 periodic revisions Read & cite only GHG Protocol terms of use forbid reproduction and commercial distribution absent written agreement; LSR is not one of the two publications released under CC BY 4.0
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update: weekly retail gasoline prices, regular grade, all formulations EIA_GASOLINE_RETAIL_WEEKLY energy_prices.usa.gasoline.regular[.<st>]. File PET_PRI_GND_A_EPMR_PTE_DPGAL_W.xls via a US host; 2026 weekly values in handoffs/phase-87-ev-charging/. U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Petroleum and Other Liquids Public domain (US government work) 2026 weekly Redistributable US government work, public domain — redistributable with attribution
Global Carbon Budget 2025 GCB_2025 Backs atmospheric.co2.gtc_per_ppm = 2.124 GtC per ppm CO2. Stated in Sect. 1 and Table 1 ("Factors used to convert carbon in various units") as "1 ppm = 2.124 GtC (Ballantyne et al., 2012)" — GCB is the adopting authority; Ballantyne, A. P., Alden, C. B., Miller, J. B., Tans, P. P., and White, J. W. C., Nature 488, 70–72 (2012), doi:10.1038/nature11299 is the primary derivation. The same Table 1 gives the carbon-to-CO2 factor 3.664, matching the MB/plugin molar ratio 44.009/12.011. Annually revised and peer-reviewed, so the row self-heals against a live authority rather than a frozen constant. Note the ppm here is the DRY-AIR MOLE FRACTION reported by the NOAA/Scripps surface networks, not ppm by mass. Global Carbon Project — Friedlingstein, P. et al., Earth System Science Data 18, 3211–3288 CC BY 4.0 2026 annual (published each autumn/winter for the preceding budget year) Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
Global Status Report for Buildings and Construction 2025-2026 UNEP_GSR_BUILDINGS_2025_2026 Backs construction_sector.buildings.*. Operational and embodied figures in the report come from the IEA (2025) and the 37% share is cited to UNEP 2023. wedocs.unep.org is Cloudflare-blocked to scripts; PDFs via Zenodo, copies in ~/gc-sources/construction/. United Nations Environment Programme and the Global Alliance for Buildings and Construction (GlobalABC), tenth edition, published 19 May 2026 (Zenodo record 20316373; lead authors Hamilton, Kennard, Hsu) CC BY 4.0 2026 annual (Global Status Report series) Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable (CC BY 4.0 per the Zenodo record)
Google Cloud Carbon Footprint reporting methodology GCP_CFP_METHODOLOGY_2026 Hourly LBM via Electricity Maps + annual MBM via IEA; bottom-up allocation via machine-level power, internal-service usage, SKU price, and customer usage; reports not third-party assured (cf. annual top-down audit by ERM CVS / 3Degrees). Google LLC CC BY 4.0 2026 methodology updates published in Release Notes Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
GreenCalculus modelling assumption (not a published figure) GREENCALCULUS_ASSUMPTION Not a data source. Marks rows whose value GreenCalculus chose as a calculator default. Each such row names, in factor.basis, the published figures it sits between. GreenCalculus GreenCalculus own work — an assumption, stated as one; cite as such 2026 reviewed when the documents an assumption rests on are revised Redistributable own work — an assumption by GreenCalculus, not a measurement or a publisher's value; reusable with that label kept attached
Highway Statistics 2024, Table VM-1: Annual Vehicle Distance Traveled and Related Data FHWA_HS_2024_VM1 vehicle_use.usa.avg_miles_per_light_duty_vehicle. Row excerpt in handoffs/phase-87-ev-charging/. US Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration Public domain (US government work) 2026 annual Redistributable US government work, public domain — redistributable with attribution
Honda Power Equipment: Honda generator power management HONDA_POWER_MANAGEMENT Sizing method cited by the generator calculator (continuous running watts plus the largest occasional load); no rows. American Honda Motor Co., Inc., Power Equipment division Manufacturer web page, free to read; cited figures with attribution 2026 unscheduled web page Redistributable individual published figures cited with attribution; site terms not separately reviewed
Honda Power Equipment: What Wattage Generator Do I Need? (generator wattage estimation guide) HONDA_WATTAGE_GUIDE generators.usa.honda_wattage_guide.*. Text excerpt in handoffs/phase-91-generators/. American Honda Motor Co., Inc., Power Equipment division Manufacturer web page, free to read; cited figures with attribution 2026 unscheduled web page Redistributable individual published figures cited with attribution; site terms not separately reviewed
IEA Global Energy Review 2026 IEA_2026 IEA GER 2026 International Energy Agency CC BY 4.0 (report text and figures only; the GER dataset is under IEA Terms of Use for Non-CC Material, and IEA Emissions Factors data may not be used publicly) 2026 annual (April) Redistributable report text and figures CC BY 4.0 — redistributable with attribution. Holds no country grid factors: the 38 legacy grid rows once tagged IEA_2026 were untraceable and were nulled in v2026.210
Inventory of Carbon and Energy v4.0 (RETIRED — superseded by ÖKOBAUDAT 2024 before publication; commercial-use licence withdrawn 2026) ICE_DB_v4 Superseded ICE Database University of Bath / Circular Ecology n/a — never published in usable form 2026 retired Read & cite only never published in usable form; nothing to redistribute
Jackery Explorer 300 Portable Power Station: product FAQ (working time formula) JACKERY_EXPLORER_300_FAQ generators.usa.power_station.jackery_runtime_factor. Text excerpt in handoffs/phase-91-generators/. Jackery Inc. Manufacturer web page, free to read; cited figures with attribution 2026 unscheduled web page Redistributable individual published figures cited with attribution; site terms not separately reviewed
More than Carbon: Cradle-to-Grave environmental impacts of GenAI training on the NVIDIA A100 GPU A100_CRADLE_TO_GRAVE_LCA_2026 Cradle-to-grave LCA of a single NVIDIA A100 GPU: cradle-to-gate (manufacturing, A1-A3) = 127.6 kg CO2e; cradle-to-grave = 141 kg CO2e (adds distribution ~12% + disposal ~1.5%). The GPU chip (main die + VRAM) contributes ~82% of the cradle-to-gate footprint. Cradle-to-gate 127.6 kg is used here for A1-A3 consistency with the server-node embodied row. arXiv:2509.00093 (also Sustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems, Elsevier S019592552600199X) arXiv perpetual non-exclusive licence (author terms); fair-use citation 2026 stable (single publication) Read & cite only proprietary or paid licence — cited under fair use, not redistributable
NETL US Electricity Baseline v1.2026-06.0 (openLCA library, process version 03.00.000) NETL_ELEC_BASELINE_2026 National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), US Department of Energy US Government public domain — dataset states "No Restrictions" 2026 periodic (library v1.2026-06.0; process lastChange 2026-06-08) Redistributable US federal work; dataset restrictionsDescription is "No Restrictions" — redistributable
National Greenhouse Accounts Factors 2026 DCCEEW_NGA_2026 Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water (DCCEEW), Australian Government Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) 2026 annual (August) Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable. The publication credits itself "DCCEEW (2026) Australian National Greenhouse Accounts Factors, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, Canberra, August. CC BY 4.0."
National Inventory Report 1990-2024: Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks in Canada — Annex 6 (Emission Factors) and Annex 7 (Electricity in Canada: Summary and Intensity Tables) ECCC_NIR_2026 Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) Open Government Licence – Canada 2026 annual — submitted to the UNFCCC each April Redistributable Open Government Licence – Canada v2.0 — worldwide, royalty-free, perpetual, non-exclusive, explicitly including commercial use, conditioned on attribution. Confirmed on the publisher's own host: the ECCC Data Mart serves the full OGL-Canada text at its root (license-en.txt), and the open.canada.ca CKAN record for this dataset (779c7bcf-4982-47eb-af1b-a33618a05e5b) independently reports license_id ca-ogl-lgo. The publications.gc.ca copy of the same report was NOT used and its terms do not govern these rows. Required attribution string: "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada."
Natural Gas Navigator: Price of Natural Gas Delivered to Residential Consumers, annual, by state EIA_NG_RESIDENTIAL_PRICE Heat Pump Cost Calculator gas prices (energy_prices.usa.natural_gas.residential.*). xls NG_PRI_SUM_A_EPG0_PRS_DMCF_A.xls in handoffs/phase-81-heat-pump-economics/. U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Natural Gas Navigator Public domain (US government work); EIA asks for attribution 2026 annual (monthly series also published) Redistributable US government work, public domain — redistributable with attribution
Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings 2025 Sail and Sustain Report NCLH_SAIL_SUSTAIN_2025 Backs cruise.operator.nclh.2025.scope1_t and derived intensities. GHG inventory table on p.59. Copies in ~/gc-sources/cruise/. Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings Ltd., ESG report for fiscal year 2025 with Technical Appendix; Scope 1 and 2 under limited third-party assurance, IPCC AR5 GWPs All rights reserved (company publication) 2026 annual Read & cite only Company report, all rights reserved — fair-use citation of published figures only; not redistributable
Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings Form 10-K, year ended December 31, 2025 NCLH_10K_FY2025 Backs cruise.operator.nclh.2025.passenger_cruise_days and .capacity_days (occupancy 103.5%). Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings Ltd. annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC 2026-03-02 (EDGAR 0001104659-26-022067) All rights reserved (company publication) 2026 annual Read & cite only Company report, all rights reserved — fair-use citation of published figures only; not redistributable
PVWatts Calculator API, version 8 NREL_PVWATTS_V8 Per-state reference-city specific yield (renewable_generation.reference.specific_yield.usa.state.*). The developer.nrel.gov host no longer resolves; the API moved to developer.nlr.gov. Inputs, cities and raw responses in handoffs/phase-80-pvwatts-state-yield/. National Laboratory of the Rockies (formerly NREL), PVWatts v8 web API with NSRDB TMY weather data US DOE national laboratory web service; model outputs cited with attribution 2026 model and TMY weather updated periodically (v8.5.0 at retrieval) Redistributable computed model outputs (51 annual totals) cited with attribution; API terms of use not separately reviewed
ResStock Measure Documentation: Attic Floor Insulation (NLR/TP-5500-96739) NLR_TP_5500_96739 building_energy.usa.attic.nrel_2026_*. Text excerpts in handoffs/phase-85-attic-insulation/. National Laboratory of the Rockies (formerly NREL): Phoung, Lou and White, April 2026 US DOE laboratory technical report, available at no cost; cited figures with attribution 2026 one-off report Redistributable five cited summary statistics with attribution; report terms not separately reviewed
ResStock Measure Documentation: Residential Single-Stage Geothermal Heat Pump (3.8 COP, 18.6 EER) (NLR/TP-5500-95032) NLR_TP_5500_95032 heating_systems.usa.geothermal.*. Text excerpt in handoffs/phase-90-geothermal/. National Laboratory of the Rockies (formerly NREL): Maguire, Fontanini, Robertson, Zhou, White et al., June 2026 US DOE laboratory technical report, available at no cost; cited figures with attribution 2026 one-off report Redistributable three cited figures with attribution; report terms not separately reviewed
ResStock Measure Documentation: Residential Two-Stage Geothermal Heat Pump (4.0 COP, 20.5 EER) (NLR/TP-5500-95034) NLR_TP_5500_95034 heating_systems.usa.geothermal.*. Text excerpt in handoffs/phase-90-geothermal/. National Laboratory of the Rockies (formerly NREL): Maguire, Fontanini, Robertson, Zhou, White et al., June 2026 US DOE laboratory technical report, available at no cost; cited figures with attribution 2026 one-off report Redistributable three cited figures with attribution; report terms not separately reviewed
ResStock Measure Documentation: Residential Variable-Speed Geothermal Heat Pump (4.4 COP, 30.9 EER) (NLR/TP-5500-95036) NLR_TP_5500_95036 heating_systems.usa.geothermal.*. Text excerpt in handoffs/phase-90-geothermal/. National Laboratory of the Rockies (formerly NREL): Maguire, Fontanini, Robertson, Zhou, White et al., June 2026 US DOE laboratory technical report, available at no cost; cited figures with attribution 2026 one-off report Redistributable three cited figures with attribution; report terms not separately reviewed
SBTi Corporate Net-Zero Standard V1.3.1 + Near-Term Criteria V5.3.1 + Foundations of SBT Setting + Supplier Engagement Guidance + FLAG Guidance V1.2 (catch-all SBTi corporate-criteria framework) SBTI_CORPORATE_2026 SBTi Net-Zero Science Based Targets initiative (CDP + UNGC + WRI + WWF + We Mean Business) CC BY-NC 4.0 (SBTi public methodology) 2026 iterative version increments (V1.3.1 Apr 2026; V5.3.1 Near-Term Criteria Apr 2026) Read & cite only reviewed; upstream terms do not permit redistribution
Spend-based emissions multipliers, 1997 to 2023 (UK and England's carbon footprint to 2023) DEFRA_SPEND_MULTIPLIERS_2023 File spend_based_emissions_multipliers_1997_to_2023.ods (https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a3ce5fa33bc5beefd3c4983/spend_based_emissions_multipliers_1997_to_2023.ods), published with the statistics updated 24 July 2026. Sheet SIC_multipliers_2023 (112 product rows), column "Greenhouse gases (kgCO2e per £)". Workbook note 5: current prices, kg CO2e per actual £ spent in the year (2023); SIC multipliers do NOT include VAT. Consumption-based UK MRIO model built in basic prices; GWP AR5 (Summary of Methods 2026, section 1.4). Backs spend_based.defra.sectors.* (v2026.229); the category to SIC mapping is recorded on each row. Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (Defra) Open Government Licence v3.0 2026 annual (with UK and England's carbon footprint) Redistributable Open Government Licence v3.0 — redistributable with attribution
State Heating Oil and Propane Program (SHOPP): weekly residential propane and No. 2 heating oil prices, 2025-26 heating season EIA_SHOPP_2025_26 energy_prices.usa.propane.* and .heating_oil.* are the mean of 26 weekly values 2025-10-06 to 2026-03-30. U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Petroleum Navigator Public domain (US government work); EIA asks for attribution 2026 weekly, October to March only Redistributable US government work, public domain — redistributable with attribution
TECH Clean California Working Data Set, Single-Family TECH_CLEAN_CA_WORKING_DATA_2026 heating_systems.usa.installed_cost.ca_2024_*. Summary script and output in handoffs/phase-82-tech-clean-ca-costs/; the raw data set is not stored in the repo. TECH Clean California (statewide heat pump incentive program), anonymised installation-level data, file dated 2026-09-17 No licence stated; download behind a registration form 2026 periodic data set refresh Redistributable two aggregate statistics (medians) cited with attribution; row-level data not redistributed; no licence stated by the publisher
Tesla Impact Report 2025 (Extended Version) TESLA_IMPACT_REPORT_2025 Backs automaker_emissions.tesla.*. Product LCAs PDF pp.194-196, regional summary p.24, avoided emissions p.20, Scope 1-2 p.191, Scope 3 p.192, GHG methodology p.213 (Scope 1-2 on IPCC AR5 100-year). tesla.com returns 403 to scripts; copy via web.archive.org capture 20260723085002, in ~/gc-sources/tesla/. The PDF text layer drops digits (font): values were read from rendered page images. Report inconsistencies: Standard Range US solar row prints -38% (72 vs 445 = -84%); Europe ICE 482 on p.24 vs 483 on p.195. Tesla, Inc., annual impact report covering calendar year 2025, extended version dated 10 July 2026; Scope 1 and 2 reviewed by a third-party assurance provider All rights reserved (company publication) 2026 annual Read & cite only Company report, all rights reserved — fair-use citation of published figures only; not redistributable
UK Government GHG Conversion Factors 2026 DEFRA_2026 DEFRA 2026 Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ) Open Government Licence v3.0 2026 annual (June) Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
UK ONS Atmospheric Emissions: GHG Emissions Intensity by Economic Sector, 5 June 2026 release ONS_AEA_2025_GHG_INTENSITY Primary source for spend_based.uk.* canonical rows. Current edition is the 5 June 2026 release (file 04atmosphericemissionsghgintensity.xlsx, sheet "GHG intensity", Table 1a), covering data years 1990-2024. UNIT IS THOUSAND TONNES CO2e PER £ MILLION GVA (stated in the sheet's own cell A1), which is exactly kg CO2e per single GBP because 1e6 kg / 1e6 GBP cancels — the published number is carried into factor.value with NO rescaling. This entry previously recorded the unit as "tonnes CO2e per £million", and that misreading is what made every UK row 1000x too low from Phase 17 (v2025.52) until v2026.106; the wording is deliberately explicit here so the error cannot recur on the next annual refresh. Current basic prices, UK residence basis. Sector grain: SIC 2007 section letters. Sections K (Financial and insurance), L (Real estate) and J (Information and communication, 2024 only) carry the ONS marker [low] — defined in the source as "a low figure but not a real zero" — and U (extra-territorial bodies) is noted as "assumed to be negligible"; K, L and U are therefore absent from canonical rows and J is carried at its 2023 value with reference_year 2023. GWP basis AR5 GWP-100 per DEFRA/Ricardo convention; ONS AEA migration to AR6 anticipated but not yet shipped. Output is "secondary" data — use only as fallback when supplier-specific PCF unavailable. Office for National Statistics (UK); prepared by Ricardo Energy and Environment under contract with ONS Open Government Licence v3.0 2026 annual (June), with interim corrections Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
World Bank Carbon Pricing Dashboard — compliance instruments (ETSs and carbon taxes): design, GHG coverage and price, per State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 WORLD_BANK_CARBON_PRICING_DASHBOARD World Bank Pricing Data workbook Download_data_May_2026.xlsx (State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026, published 18 May 2026; data last updated 1 April 2026; sha256 ee54b2ef4a08088e0ff631e98b00e0f7d255b8c445dd4c4df96886bdf3aa24bc). Previous vintage: data_08_2025.xlsx (prices on 1 April 2025). Prices are US$/tCO2e comparable metric — not directly comparable across instruments due to coverage / compliance / compensation differences. World Bank Group (Climate Change Group), Carbon Pricing Dashboard CC BY 4.0 — World Bank Open Data 2026 annual (State and Trends of Carbon Pricing); prices on 1 April each year Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
nClimDiv statewide heating and cooling degree days (population-weighted, base 65 F) NOAA_NCLIMDIV_DEGREE_DAYS climate.usa.degree_days.{hdd65,cdd65}.normal_1991_2020[.<st>] (48 contiguous states + US). Files and state readme in handoffs/phase-85-attic-insulation/. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), Climate Divisional Database, files climdiv-hddcst / climdiv-cddcst v1.0.0 Public domain (US government work) 2026 monthly (recent two years revised) Redistributable US government work, public domain — redistributable with attribution
AIB European Residual Mixes 2025 (published 28 May 2026; covers calendar year 2025) AIB_RESIDUAL_MIX_2025 AIB Residual Mix Association of Issuing Bodies (AIB) AIB published results (free use with attribution) 2025 annual (late May, ~1yr lag from data year) Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
AWS Customer Carbon Footprint Tool — methodology archive (deprecated 2026-06-30) AWS_CCFT_2025 Superseded Amazon Web Services, Inc. AWS Documentation © 2026 Amazon Web Services — fair-use citation 2025 retired 2026-06-30 Read & cite only AWS documentation, all rights reserved — fair-use citation only; not redistributable
American Time Use Survey Summary, 2025 results BLS_ATUS_2025 plug_loads.usa.tv.hours_watched_per_day.atus_2025. Excerpt in handoffs/phase-120-tv/. US Bureau of Labor Statistics US government work, public domain 2025 annual (June) Redistributable BLS publications are public domain
Bridging the Gap: Durable CDR Market Pricing Survey — Purchaser and Supplier Expectations in 2025 and 2030 CDR_FYI_OPIS_PRICING_2025 Backs offsets.price.daccs (low 458 / central 670 / high 822, 2025 averages, p.4). Same table: biochar breakeven 143 / reasonable profit 187; BECCS 232 / 301; enhanced weathering 272 / 349. Copy in ~/gc-sources/cdr/. CDR.fyi and OPIS (a Dow Jones company), white paper, January 2025; survey run 28 Oct – 13 Dec 2024 Free public white paper; all rights reserved — fair-use citation of published averages 2025 annual survey (re-source each vintage) Read & cite only Company report, all rights reserved — fair-use citation of published figures only; not redistributable
CDP Climate Change Questionnaire (2023 Full + 2025 Corporate Overview + 2026 cycle) — 13-module structure + A/A-/B/C/D/F scoring + A-list designation CDP_TECHNICAL_2025 CDP Climate CDP (formerly Carbon Disclosure Project) CDP proprietary — annual public release of questionnaire + scoring rubric (commercial use of scores requires CDP licence) 2025 annual (2026 cycle April 2026) Read & cite only proprietary or paid licence — cited under fair use, not redistributable
CDR.fyi — Direct Air Capture Market Snapshot 2025H1 (durable-CDR market pricing & demand). Corroborated by Climeworks published operating cost ~$1,000-1,300/tCO2e (Iceland facility, 2024-25, via Carbon Brief) and Gen-3 $400-600/t-net-removal-by-2030 targets. Backs the indicative offsets.price.daccs reference band only — NOT a live authoritative point price CDR_FYI_DAC_2025 CDR.fyi All rights reserved (market-data report; cited by reference — figures not redistributed in bulk) 2025 Quarterly+ — VCM/CDR prices are volatile; re-source the offsets.price.* band each vintage (this is why prices are stored as vintaged indicative bands, not live factors) Read & cite only reviewed; upstream terms do not permit redistribution
Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance — Cambridge Digital Mining Industry Report (April 2025, First Edition; Neumueller principal researcher) + Cambridge Bitcoin Electricity Consumption Index (CBECI) live dashboard + CBECI Greenhouse Gas Emissions Index (CBECI-GHG) live index and methodology CCAF_CBECI_2025 Cambridge CBECI Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance (CCAF), Cambridge Judge Business School, University of Cambridge CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (CBECI dashboard pages explicitly licensed; CDMIR 2025 report distributed under same Creative Commons attribution-noncommercial-sharealike terms) 2025 CBECI live indices refreshed every 24 hours; CDMIR an annual report series (2025 First Edition; Second Edition planned) Read & cite only share-alike — viral over derived results, not redistributable
Carbon footprint of the construction sector is projected to double by 2050 globally LI_2025_CONSTRUCTION_FOOTPRINT Backs construction_sector.industry.*. EXIOBASE MRIO 1995-2022, 49 regions; CO2 only. Copy in ~/gc-sources/construction/. Li, C., Pradhan, P., Chen, G., Kropp, J. P. and Schellnhuber, H. J., Communications Earth & Environment (2025), doi:10.1038/s43247-025-02840-x; accepted 26 September 2025 CC BY 4.0 2025 one-off journal article Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable (Open Access, CC BY 4.0)
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2621 of 16 December 2025 laying down rules for the application of Regulation (EU) 2023/956 as regards the establishment of default values CBAM_DEFAULT_2025 EU CBAM European Commission DG TAXUD EU Official Journal — free use with attribution 2025 periodic Commission updates per Art. 7 of Reg (EU) 2023/956 Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable. EXCEPT the 126 reporting.cbam.indirect.* rows (Annex II): the Annex's own disclaimer makes them IEA data under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0, non-commercial redistribution only; overridden to redistributable false in meta.licence_overrides (v2026.198).
Digst — Beregning af it-løsningers klimaaftryk (Danish Agency of Digital Government ICT-solution carbon-impact framework) DIGST_DK_FRAMEWORK_2025 ★ SCOPE OF THIS SOURCE, as of Phase 78 (2026-07-17): the ONLY row still sourced to Digst is digital.end_user_device.composite_user_pc.operational.digst_constant = 68.5 W. The laptop (22 W), tower desktop (87 W), AIO PC (81 W) and monitor (31 W) rows KEEP the digst_constant key suffix as a legacy handle — five calculator engines read those keys by name — but they are NO LONGER sourced here: they were repointed to URBAN_CTA_2017 once read against the primary, which is where all four live verbatim (Fraunhofer USA Tables 4-6 and 5-4). Digst never published them. Do not re-attribute them to this source on the strength of the key suffix. ★ DO NOT SHIP DIGST'S SMARTPHONE OR TABLET FIGURES. Digst Table 1 also publishes Smartphone 3 W (footnote 23, credited to the Carbon Trust video-streaming white paper) and Tablet 5 W (footnote 24, credited to The DIMPACT Methodology 2022). Both are second-hand and one is wrong. The Carbon Trust paper does NOT contain 3 W — its Table 10 reads 1 W for both Android and iPhone — so footnote 23 credits a primary for a figure that primary does not publish, the same mis-attribution class as Ofcom's "laptop 68.5 W" against the same table. And Digst's tablet 5 W is a rounded restatement of DIMPACT's own 5.5 W, which MB already carries FIRST-HAND at digital.end_user_device.tablet.operational.dimpact_constant. MB already holds both devices direct from better sources: smartphone.operational.dimpact_constant = 1 W (DIMPACT Table 6, itself citing the Carbon Trust white paper, with a 2 W conservative upper bound) and tablet.operational.dimpact_constant = 5.5 W (DIMPACT Table 6 via BBC White Paper 372). Use those. Critiqued by Kirkeby & Lagermann 2026 as overestimating modern laptops. PROVENANCE, corrected 2026-07-17 (Phase 77) against the primary source (digst.dk/media/jx3jfsg1/): Digst's published Table 1 "Energiforbrug pr. time fordelt paa devices" contains ONLY Smartphone 3 W, Tablet 5 W and PC 68,5 W. The PC figure is a two-device mean of laptop + desktop — (22 + 115) / 2 — per footnote 25 citing "Singh et al., 2019", and NOT a four-device composite (this registry note previously claimed a four-device mix; those four values mean to 55.25, not 68.5). ★★ THE PROVENANCE PASS IS DONE — CLOSED IN PHASE 78 (2026-07-17), and it overturned this note's own framing. This note used to say the PC figure came from "Singh et al. (2019) … NOT Urban et al. 2017", presenting the two as rival citations. THEY ARE THE SAME WORK BY THE SAME AUTHOR TEAM. Carbon Trust's reference list resolves its "Singh et al., 2019" short-cite as "Urban, B., Roth, K., Singh, M. and Howes, D. 2019, 'Residential Consumer Electronics Energy Consumption in the United States in 2017'" — first author URBAN, short-cited by the third author; Digst inherited that malformed short-cite from Carbon Trust, and MB inherited it from Digst. Meanwhile the four sibling constants really did come from the underlying Fraunhofer study (this note guessed as much, and the guess was right): all four are verbatim Table 4-6 / Table 5-4 reads from the Consumer Technology Association final report, now registered as URBAN_CTA_2017 — see that entry for the full citation trap. The old "Urban et al. 2017 Carbon Trust composite" basis on those rows was wrong only in naming the CARBON TRUST as the commissioning body (it was the CTA; "Carbon Trust" appears zero times in the report) and in calling a direct table read a composite. ★ NO GAP HERE — a "GAP: Digst publishes Smartphone 3 W and Tablet 5 W, which MB does not carry" claim previously sat at the end of this note and was FALSE. MB has always carried both, first-hand and from better sources, under the dimpact_constant suffix (smartphone 1 W, tablet 5.5 W). Acting on that phantom gap shipped two bad rows in v2026.50 which had to be retracted in v2026.51. The gap was an artefact of checking one exact key instead of the key PREFIX. Query the prefix. Digitaliseringsstyrelsen (Digst) Danish government framework — public-use 2025 periodic Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
Electric Power Annual, Table 2.4: Average Price of Electricity to Ultimate Customers by End-Use Sectors, 2014 through 2024 EIA_EPA_TABLE_2_4 Basis of energy_prices.usa.electricity.residential.growth_rate_2014_2024 (derived). xlsx https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/xls/epa_02_04.xlsx; copy in handoffs/phase-79-solar-economics/. U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Electric Power Annual 2024 Public domain (US government work); EIA asks for attribution 2025 annual Redistributable US government work, public domain — redistributable with attribution
Electric Sales, Revenue, and Average Price, Table 5A: 2024 Average Monthly Bill – Residential EIA_861_TABLE_5A_2024 energy_prices.usa.electricity.residential_use.{avg_monthly_kwh,avg_monthly_bill}[.<st>]. xlsx fetched from https://www.eia.gov/electricity/sales_revenue_price/xls/table_5A.xlsx via a US host; copy in handoffs/phase-84-household-electricity/. U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), from forms EIA-861, EIA-861S and EIA-861U, data for 2024 Public domain (US government work); EIA asks for attribution 2025 annual (each autumn, for the previous calendar year) Redistributable US government work, public domain — redistributable with attribution
Ember Yearly Electricity Data (2025 release) EMBER_YEARLY_ELECTRICITY_2025 Ember Electricity Data Ember Climate CC BY 4.0 2025 monthly refresh; yearly long-format CSV updated Q1 Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
Emission Factors and Reference Values, Version 3.0 ECCC_EF_2025 Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) Open Government Licence – Canada 2025 aligned with the annual National Inventory Report Redistributable Open Government Licence – Canada — redistributable with attribution
European Aluminium — Environmental Profile Report 2024 (V.2.0) EUROPEAN_ALUMINIUM_EPR_2024 European Aluminium European Aluminium (Brussels); generic European industry LCI per ISO 14040/14044, critically reviewed by Prof. Dr. Matthias Finkbeiner European Aluminium publication — free use with attribution (industry LCI report) 2025 periodic editions (2013, 2015, 2018, 2024 V1.0 Nov-2024, V2.0 May-2025) Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
Eurostat direct GHG intensity by NACE Rev. 2: Air Emissions Accounts (env_ac_ainah_r2) ÷ gross value added (nama_10_a64) EUROSTAT_AEA_GVA_2024 Eurostat Accounts Phase 17 (2026-05-22): primary source for spend_based.eu.* canonical rows. Phase 32 (2026-06-08): refreshed to the Eurostat Nov-2025 AEA release (data extended to 2024) — 1,494 of 2,039 rows now on 2024 data (541 on 2023, 4 on 2022 where the division lacks a 2024 figure); some 2024 values are Eurostat-flagged provisional (i-flag). Back-year revisions in the new release were picked up too. Derived intensity = (env_ac_ainah_r2 airpol=GHG unit=tonnes) ÷ (nama_10_a64 na_item=B1G unit=CP_MEUR), expressed as kg CO2e per euro of gross value added at current basic prices. Coverage: 27 EU member states (EL=Greece per Eurostat convention) + EU27_2020 aggregate, latest year per country (2024 where available, else 2023, else 2022). Sector grain: NACE Rev. 2 — ~A*64 plus section letters and 2-digit divisions; ~76 codes per country in this release (some codes have AEA but no matching GVA and are skipped). GVA dataset: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nama_10_a64/default/table. GWP basis AR5 GWP-100 per Eurostat AEA convention; AEA migration to AR6 is anticipated. Output is "secondary" data — use only as fallback when supplier-specific PCF unavailable. These are DIRECT emissions of each industry (its own Scope 1, residence principle) per euro of its value added, not input-output supply-chain multipliers: they exclude upstream emissions and use GVA, not purchase price, as the denominator, so they are not spend-based purchase factors (v2026.230 correction; the earlier label called them ESA-EE-IO spend-based multipliers). For supply-chain factors use an EEIO/MRIO set such as EXIOBASE. Eurostat (European Statistical Office, European Commission) Eurostat reuse policy (free reuse with attribution) 2025 annual (AEA published Q4, GVA published Q1-Q3 lag of T-2 to T-3) Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
FAQs for modification of sections 25C, 25D, 25E, 30C, 30D, 45L, 45W, and 179D under Public Law 119-21 (One, Big, Beautiful Bill) IRS_FAQ_OBBB_25D_2025 Termination of the residential clean energy credit (IRC 25D) for expenditures after 31 Dec 2025 (solar_economics.usa.policy.federal_25d_credit_rate_after_2025). Internal Revenue Service (IRS), FS-2025-05, 21 August 2025 Public domain (US government work) 2025 ad hoc (IRS guidance) Redistributable US government work, public domain — redistributable
GHG emissions of all world countries — JRC/IEA 2025 Report (EDGAR_2025_GHG) EDGAR_2025_GHG Backs transport_sector.global.edgar.*. GLOBAL TOTAL rows include international aviation (AIR) and shipping (SEA); the sector sheet also carries EU27 and GLOBAL TOTAL aggregate rows, so never sum all rows. GWP-100 AR5. Copy in ~/gc-sources/transport/. Crippa M., Guizzardi D., Pagani F. et al., European Commission Joint Research Centre, Luxembourg, 2025, doi:10.2760/9816914, JRC143227; booklet data EDGAR_2025_GHG_booklet_2025.xlsx CC BY 4.0, except IEA-EDGAR CO2 (fuel-combustion CO2, based on IEA data) which is CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 2025 annual (EDGAR report each autumn) Read & cite only NOT redistributable: transport totals are mostly IEA-EDGAR CO2, licensed CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 (non-commercial, no derivatives); cited as published figures with attribution only
Global Carbon Budget 2025 supplemental data: National Fossil Carbon Emissions 2025 v1.0 GCB_2025_NATIONAL Backs national_emissions.co2.consumption[_per_capita].<iso3>, national_emissions.co2.net_export_transfer.<iso3> (2023, the latest consumption year; 120 countries plus World and EU27) and the EU27 territorial rows. Workbook National_Fossil_Carbon_Emissions_2025_v1.0.xlsx (ICOS object loCXyssaalv6DPdO6Qdj90qQ, 755,198 bytes), values in MtC converted with the stated 3.664. The Emissions Transfers sheet is territorial minus consumption (positive = net exporter). Consumption per person is DERIVED by GreenCalculus (consumption / GCP population). Copy in ~/gc-sources/gcb2025/. Global Carbon Project, distributed by the ICOS Carbon Portal (DOI 10.18160/GCP-2025); consumption emissions updated from Peters, Davis and Andrew (2012), Biogeosciences 9, 3247-3276 CC BY 4.0 2025 annual (each November with the Global Carbon Budget) Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable (ICOS CC BY 4.0 data licence)
Global Methane Budget 2000–2020 GMB_2025 Backs atmospheric.ch4.tg_per_ppb = 2.75 Tg CH4 per ppb. The budget states it uses "the conversion factor of 2.75 Tg CH4 ppb-1 given by Prather et al. (2012)" — GMB is the adopting authority; Prather, M. J., Holmes, C. D., and Hsu, J., Geophys. Res. Lett. 39, L09803 (2012), doi:10.1029/2012GL051440 is the primary derivation. The methane sibling of GCB_2025 (same Global Carbon Project family, same journal, same licence). Note the CH4 factor is NOT the CO2 factor rescaled by molar mass: methane is destroyed in the stratosphere, so its surface mole fraction overstates the global-mean burden, and the well-mixed derivation that works for CO2 overshoots by ~3%. Global Carbon Project — Saunois, M. et al., Earth System Science Data 17, 1873–1958 CC BY 4.0 2025 living review, ~4-yearly (2016, 2020, 2025 editions) Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
Green-e Residual Mix Emissions Rates 2025 (2023 data; released 29 January 2026) GREENE_RESIDUAL_MIX_2025 Green-e Residual Mix Center for Resource Solutions (Green-e) Center for Resource Solutions published rates 2025 annual (winter, ~2yr lag from data year) Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
How much energy does ChatGPT use? (Epoch AI gradient-updates analysis) EPOCH_AI_CHATGPT_ENERGY_2025 Central estimate ~0.3 Wh per typical GPT-4o-class query (deliberately conservative / erring high), ~one-tenth the older 3 Wh figure. Basis: NVIDIA H100 ~1500 W incl. server + data-centre overhead, ~100B active parameters, 500 output tokens/query, 10% compute utilisation, 70% of TDP → ~0.0006 Wh per output token. Range 0.3 Wh (modern, batched) to ~3 Wh (older estimates); Luccioni et al. 2024 measured ~4 Wh/query for BLOOM-176B in a research / unbatched setting (informs the high end, not the central value). Epoch AI Epoch AI — fair-use citation 2025 analysis update (point-in-time) Read & cite only proprietary or paid licence — cited under fair use, not redistributable
IATA RP 1726 Passenger CO2 Calculation IATA_CARBON_2025 IATA RP 1726 International Air Transport Association IATA proprietary — fair use citation 2025 annual Read & cite only proprietary or paid licence — cited under fair use, not redistributable
IEA — Key Questions on Energy and AI (2025) IEA_AI_ENERGY_2025 Global data centre electricity demand 485 TWh (2025) → 950 TWh by 2030 (central outlook). Hyperscale PUE 1.1–1.2 vs older/enterprise 1.5–1.7. AI-focused data centre electricity grows faster than overall DC; ~15–27 GW on-site natural gas may power data centres by 2030, mostly in the US. International Energy Agency CC BY 4.0 2025 followup to IEA Energy and AI 2025 report; periodic refresh Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
IPCC AR6 WGI Errata (version 7 October 2025): corrected Tables 7.15 and 7.SM.7 IPCC_AR6_ERRATA_2025 Loaded 2026-10-15 alongside the 2021 AR6 values (owner decision): calculators keep the 2021 / GHG Protocol values by default. Corrected GWP-20/100/500 for CH4 fossil and non-fossil and N2O (Table 7.15, errata p.3) and 25 halocarbons (Table 7.SM.7, errata pp.5-10), each within 0.95-0.975 of its 2021 value as the corrected CO2 radiative efficiency (1.33 to 1.39 x10^-5) implies; 13 refrigerant blends recomputed from the corrected constituents. Not loaded: HFO-1234ze(E) (the errata HFO rows repeat HFC rows; its value fails the ratio check), HC-290 and CO2. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change © IPCC; part of the WGI report, open access at Cambridge University Press under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 2025 revised when the IPCC issues further errata (this file is version 7 October 2025) Read & cite only Same terms as IPCC_AR6 (the errata belong to the WGI report): CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, non-commercial and no derivatives, so NOT redistributable. Rows are served and cited with page and row; withheld from the CSV download, /corpus and the mirrors, as for IPCC_AR6.
Life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions from passenger cars in the European Union: a 2025 update ICCT_LCA_PASSENGER_CARS_2025 Primary source for the vehicle_lca.* family. Table 1 gives medium-segment vehicle-cycle (production + recycling, excl. battery) emissions: petrol/diesel/HEV 7.2 t, PHEV 7.9 t, BEV 6.5 t CO2e. Table 2 (Argonne R&D GREET) gives battery cell+pack manufacturing intensity by region x chemistry (LFP 52-69, NMC622 60-80, NMC811 59-79 kg CO2e/kWh). Assumes 240,000 km / 20-year EU lifetime; medium BEV lifetime emissions ~79% below petrol; production-emissions break-even ~17,000 km. Georg Bieker et al. – International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT), white paper, July 2025 ICCT (c) – fair-use citation for methodology and published figures 2025 periodic ICCT LCA update (2021 global -> 2025 EU update) Read & cite only proprietary or paid licence — cited under fair use, not redistributable
MPA Cement Fact Sheet 18 — Embodied CO2e of UK cements (Revision 4) MPA_FS18_2025 Mineral Products Association (MPA Cement), London MPA publication — free use with attribution (industry fact sheet) 2025 revised periodically (Rev 4 = 10 April 2025) Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
Mabrouk, Paul & Wild — Comparative Sustainability Analysis of Major Cryptocurrency Blockchains (4th Blockchain and Cryptocurrency Conference B2C 2025, 25-27 November 2025, Innsbruck, Austria, paper 032) MABROUK_B2C_2025 Tecnológico de Monterrey (Mabrouk) + Indiana University Luddy School (Paul, Wild) — peer-reviewed conference paper standardising on CCRI 2025 indices for cross-chain comparability with triangulation against Digiconomist and CBECI Conference paper for academic use with attribution; quantitative dataset sourced from CCRI 2025 indices (https://indices.carbon-ratings.com/) and triangulated against Digiconomist + CBECI 2025 one-off peer-reviewed conference paper; underlying CCRI 2025 indices continuously updated behind paid Sustainability API Read & cite only reviewed; upstream terms do not permit redistribution
NVIDIA Data Center GPU Datasheets — Tensor Core GPU specifications (H100, A100, L4, V100) NVIDIA_DC_GPU_DATASHEETS_2025 Manufacturer datasheet thermal design power (TDP) and peak dense (NON-sparsity) tensor throughput. H100 SXM5 700 W / ~989 TFLOP BF16; H100 PCIe 350 W / ~756 TFLOP BF16; A100 SXM 400 W / 312 TFLOP BF16; A100 PCIe (80GB) 300 W / 312 TFLOP BF16; L4 72 W / ~121 TFLOP BF16; V100 SXM2 300 W / 125 TFLOP FP16 (no native BF16). Sparsity-doubled figures are NOT used — dense throughput is the defensible basis for energy-per-FLOP training estimates. NVIDIA Corporation NVIDIA © — fair-use citation of published product specifications 2025 per product release (point-in-time datasheet specifications) Read & cite only proprietary or paid licence — cited under fair use, not redistributable
National Energy Efficiency Data-Framework (NEED): consumption data tables 2025 (data to 2023) NEED_2025 Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ) Open Government Licence v3.0 2025 annual Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
National Greenhouse Accounts Factors 2025 DCCEEW_NGA_2025 Superseded Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water (DCCEEW), Australian Government Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) 2025 retired — superseded by the 2026 edition Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
PCAF Global GHG Accounting and Reporting Standard for the Financial Industry — Part A (Financed Emissions, 3rd Ed., December 2025) + Part B (Facilitated Emissions, 1st Ed., December 2023) + Part C (Insurance-Associated Emissions, 2nd Ed., December 2025) PCAF_2024 PCAF Partnership for Carbon Accounting Financials CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 2025 periodic major editions (Part A 3rd Ed + Part C 2nd Ed both 2 December 2025) Read & cite only reviewed; upstream terms do not permit redistribution
PV System Cost Model (PVSCM) 2024, Q1-2024 solar and storage cost benchmarks DOE_PVSCM_2024 battery_storage.usa.doe_2024q1.*. File RPV 2024Q1.txt from PVSCM 2024.zip saved in handoffs/phase-88-home-battery/. US DOE Solar Energy Technologies Office with NREL (NLR), LBNL and Sandia; data.nlr.gov submission 307 Public domain (US government work) 2025 annual Redistributable US government work, public domain — redistributable with attribution
Smart Freight Centre GLEC Framework for Logistics Emissions Accounting and Reporting v3.2 GLEC_FRAMEWORK_v3_2 GLEC Framework Smart Freight Centre Smart Freight Centre — free use with attribution, factor tables reproducible 2025 periodic major versions Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
Supply Chain Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors for U.S. Commodities v1.4.0 (NAICS-6, 2024 USD purchaser price) USEEIO_SC_FACTORS_v1_4_0 USEEIO Emission Factors Published 2025-10-14, DOI 10.5281/zenodo.17202747, sha256 of the workbook e47f19ba7330d4adfb77bd4663a2964af1c7b77197a74ea17a76434c9434f6b2. Same authors as the EPA-catalogued v1.3.0 (Ingwersen is the EPA USEEIO lead) but distributed via Zenodo rather than EPA's catalog, which still lists v1.3.0. Advances the data year to 2023, rebases to 2024 USD, and regenerates from USEEIO v2.6.0. GWP BASIS — the publisher's CO2e sheet is AR6 GWP-100 with CH4 at the non-fossil 27.9; that was SOLVED FOR, not assumed, by reconstructing the sheet from the companion byGHG sheet and testing candidate CH4 values (27.9 fits to a 0.185% median with 92.9% of sectors within 0.5%, against 0.556%/47.0% for AR6-fossil 29.8 and 0.833%/16.6% for AR4 25). MB DOES NOT CARRY THAT SHEET AS THE HEADLINE. The workbook also publishes byGHG — kg of each gas per 2024 USD before any GWP is applied — so CO2e is recomputed here on AR5 GWP-100 (IPCC AR5 Table 8.A.1) and the publisher AR6 figure is retained per row as factor.value_ar6_100. Rationale: every other spend-based source MB carries (ONS, Eurostat, DEFRA) is AR5, and v2026.110 had just finished unifying that basis; taking the AR6 sheet would have made US the sole AR6 member of the family and reintroduced a mixed-basis comparison inside a single calculation. The reconstruction was validated against the publisher's own sheet before use — the largest movers agree to 0.03-0.23%. Same derive-from-per-gas technique as the Canada fuel rows (v2026.111). Output is "secondary" data per PCAF/CSRD — fallback when supplier-specific PCF unavailable. Ingwersen, W. (Stanford University) and Young, B. (ERG); published 2025-10-14 via Zenodo through the Cornerstone Sustainability Data Initiative (Stanford Sustainable Solutions Lab, Watershed, ERG; founded August 2025; now the home of USEEIO); generated from USEEIO v2.6.0 CC BY 4.0 2025 irregular (v1.0 2019, v1.1 2020, v1.2 2022, v1.3 2024, v1.4 2025) Redistributable CC BY 4.0 — redistributable with attribution
Sustainability Indicators 2025 (data year 2024) WORLDSTEEL_SI_2025 First worldsteel edition to publish a GHG (CO2e) intensity covering CH4, N2O and upstream mining (scope 1, 2 and scope 3 category 1), globally and by route. Backs materials.steel.average.tonne and the three route rows. Distinct from WORLDSTEEL, which backs the converter reference equivalencies.ref.steel_kg on the older CO2-only basis. PDF sha256 decba41ff112a898; sourcing record ~/gc-sources/2026-10-09-worldsteel-si-2025/. World Steel Association (worldsteel), Brussels Industry-association publication — fair-use citation 2025 annual (worldsteel Sustainability Indicators report; this edition revised February 2026) Read & cite only proprietary or paid licence — cited under fair use, not redistributable
The Global Carbon Project fossil CO2 emissions dataset, version 2025v15 GCP_FOSSIL_CO2_2025V15 Backs national_emissions.co2.territorial[_2015|_per_capita].<iso3> and national_emissions.co2.cement_process.<iso3> (column Cement, process CO2 only) (fossil fuels, cement, flaring, other carbonates; territorial, excluding bunkers; Mt CO2 and t CO2 per person). Files GCB2025v15_MtCO2_flat.csv, GCB2025v15_percapita_flat.csv and GCB2025v15_population_flat.csv; copy in ~/gc-sources/gcb2025/zenodo/. Per-person values use the GCP compilation of UN World Population Prospects (2024 is a UN projection). Country definitions per the dataset documentation: France includes Monaco, Italy includes the Holy See, Morocco includes Western Sahara. Values match the ICOS workbook (MtC x 3.664) to the published precision. Global Carbon Project — Andrew, R. M. and Peters, G. P., Zenodo record 17417124 (published 2025-10-22), the national fossil CO2 series behind the Global Carbon Budget 2025 CC BY 4.0 2025 annual (each November with the Global Carbon Budget) Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
U.S. Distributed Solar and Storage: 2025 Data Update (Tracking the Sun) LBNL_DISTRIBUTED_SOLAR_2025 Installed-price defaults for the Solar Panel Calculator (solar_economics.usa.residential.installed_price.*). The site blocks some non-US IPs; fetched via a US host. Slide text in handoffs/phase-79-solar-economics/. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Barbose, Darghouth et al.), October 2025 US DOE-funded national laboratory report; figures cited with attribution 2025 annual (each autumn) Redistributable five cited summary statistics with attribution; LBNL report terms not separately reviewed
UK GHG Conversion Factors for Company Reporting, Year 2025 Version 1 DEFRA_2025_v1 DEFRA 2026 DESNZ Open Government Licence v3.0 2025 annual (June) Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
UK Government GHG Conversion Factors 2025 DEFRA_2025 DEFRA 2026 Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ) Open Government Licence v3.0 2025 annual (June) Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
US EPA GHG Emission Factors Hub 2025 (Tables 1, 2, 7, 9, 10 — stationary + mobile combustion, steam & heat, waste, business travel & employee commuting) EPA_GHG_HUB_2025 US Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Corporate Climate Leadership US Government public domain 2025 annual (January) Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
AASB S2 Climate-related Disclosures AASB_S2_2024 AASB S2 Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) Australian public record (AASB) 2024 aligned to ISSB IFRS S2 amendments Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
Annual Technology Baseline 2024 (v2): Residential Battery Storage NREL_ATB_2024B_RES_BATTERY battery_storage.usa.atb_2024.*. Page excerpt in handoffs/phase-88-home-battery/. National Laboratory of the Rockies (formerly NREL), Annual Technology Baseline Public domain (US government work) 2024 annual Redistributable US government work, public domain — redistributable with attribution
Climate change and the production of iron and steel / Sustainability Indicators WORLDSTEEL Superseded World Steel Association (worldsteel), Brussels Industry-association publication — fair-use citation 2024 retired — superseded by WORLDSTEEL_SI_2025 Read & cite only proprietary or paid licence — cited under fair use, not redistributable
Cloud Carbon Footprint Tool CCF_DASHBOARD Superseded Thoughtworks (open-source) Apache 2.0 2024 retired Redistributable Apache 2.0 — redistributable with attribution and licence notice
Cloud Carbon Footprint — Methodology (Embodied Emissions + operational power model) CLOUD_CARBON_FOOTPRINT_2024 Open-source cloud-emissions methodology. Embodied: 4-year expected server lifespan (per Teads / Dell PowerEdge R740 LCA), allocated to an instance by its vCPU share of the largest instance in the family; component-level embodied sourced from the Boavizta API (impacts.gwp.embedded.value). Also the canonical reference for the linear operational power model (min + utilisation × (max − min)) that this section's SPECpower idle/peak rows feed. Cloud Carbon Footprint (Thoughtworks, open-source) Apache-2.0 (repository, including the documentation site) 2024 continuous (open-source project docs) Redistributable Apache-2.0 — redistributable. The embodied-emissions coefficients page is microsite/docs/HowItWorks/EmbodiedEmissions.md in the cloud-carbon-footprint/cloud-carbon-footprint repository, whose LICENSE is Apache License 2.0 (checked 2026-09-22); redistribution permitted with the licence text and any NOTICE attribution retained. Basis string corrected v2026.200 (the generated one contradicted the flag).
Cornell Hotel Sustainability Benchmarking Index CHA_HOTEL_2024 Cornell HCMI Cornell University SHA CC BY-NC 2024 annual Read & cite only reviewed; upstream terms do not permit redistribution
Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) Ch 2M, as amended by the Treasury Laws Amendment (Financial Market Infrastructure and Other Measures) Act 2024 AU_CORP_ACT_CLIMATE_2024 Australian Government (Treasury); enforced by ASIC Australian public record (Federal Register of Legislation) 2024 transitional provisions phase out by 2028; ASIC guidance evolving Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
Crypto Carbon Ratings Institute — Determining the electricity consumption and carbon footprint of Proof of Stake networks (white paper, last updated June 2024; Gallersdörfer/Klaaßen/Stoll authors) CCRI_POS_METHODS_2024 CCRI Crypto Ratings Crypto Carbon Ratings Institute (CCRI GmbH, Dingolfing, Germany) CCRI proprietary — methodology white paper available for fair use citation; describes the 5-step bottom-up methodology (hardware selection → single-node measurement → network electricity → tx efficiency analysis → carbon emissions estimation) underlying CCRI 2022a-d industry reports and CCRI 2025 indices 2024 periodic methodology updates; last update June 2024 Read & cite only proprietary or paid licence — cited under fair use, not redistributable
EU Regulation 2024/573 on fluorinated greenhouse gases EU_F_GAS_REG_2024 EU F-Gas 2024 European Commission EU Official Journal — free use with attribution 2024 amendments periodic Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
EU energy label declared on-mode power for televisions (market survey) EU_ENERGY_LABEL_TV_TOPTEN The EU energy label declares annual on-mode consumption as kWh/1000h, which is numerically the average on-mode power in watts — no conversion needed. Basis for the television operational row: 57 W for a market-average 55-inch 4K LED (SDR). Panel and size sensitivity is large and is carried in the row note rather than the value: OLED ~90-106 W (capped at <=84 W for models placed on the EU market from 2023), 50-inch lower, 75-inch ~130-160 W; the 55-inch class label thresholds run A < ~30 W to F/G < ~80 W. This is a market-average across label declarations, NOT a single EPREL record — confirming a specific representative model against its EPREL entry is an open hardening task (see FOLLOWUPS.md). Topten.eu (EU-supported independent product database), against EU Energy Labelling Regulation (EU) 2017/1369 and Regulation (EU) 2019/2013 declarations Topten.eu — citation with attribution; underlying label declarations are regulatory filings 2024 continuous (market database; label scale rescaled 2021 under (EU) 2019/2013) Read & cite only reviewed; upstream terms do not permit redistribution
EUROSTAT — Share of energy from renewable sources (indicator nrg_ind_ren) EUROSTAT_NRG_IND_REN_2024 Phase 12c (2026-05-21): registered for district_heating.<iso3>.eurostat.renewable_share rows. EUROSTAT publishes RES share per Renewable Energy Directive 2018/2001 (REDII) methodology. Key indicator codes used: REN_HEAT_CL (overall heating & cooling renewable share — 37 countries reporting 2024) and REN_WHC_DHEAT_DCL (renewable energy + waste heat/cold share in district heating and cooling specifically — 7 countries reporting 2024 as DH-specific override). Calculator derives country DH emission factor as (1 – renewable_share/100) × FOSSIL_DH_BASELINE_EF (see district_heating.eu_framework.fossil_dh_baseline_ef row). European Statistical Office (EUROSTAT) — DG Eurostat CC BY 4.0 — EUROSTAT Open Data 2024 annual (typically June-August release of prior calendar year data) Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
Electrification of Heat Demonstration Project — Heat Pump Performance Data Analysis EOH_HEAT_PUMP_PERFORMANCE_2024 Field-monitored real-world heat pump performance across 742 GB systems. Median air-source heat pump seasonal performance factor SPFH2 = 2.93 (interquartile range 2.67-3.19, n=428); hybrid heat-pump systems 2.68. Basis for heating_systems.heat_pump_spf.ashp central value (2.9) and its uncertainty band. In-situ SPF runs below design SCOP (MCS 031) — the calculator exposes SPF as an editable assumption. Energy Systems Catapult, for the Department for Energy Security & Net Zero (DESNZ), 2024 Energy Systems Catapult / Crown copyright — fair-use citation for published figures 2024 one-off demonstration project (final reporting 2024) Redistributable ESC Licence (Open-Government-Licence style) — copy, publish, adapt and commercial use permitted with the stated acknowledgement; verified in the Interim Insights report 2026-09-21
Emissions Gap Report 2024 — No more hot air … please! UNEP_EMISSIONS_GAP_2024 Authoritative global GHG assessment. Backs equivalencies.ref.person_day: global average per-capita GHG 6.6 tCO2e in 2023 (all gases, excluding LULUCF CO2); total 2023 global GHG 57.1 GtCO2e; developed economies (US, Russia) ~3x the world average. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Nairobi, 2024 UN publication — fair-use citation 2024 annual (UNEP publishes an updated Emissions Gap Report each year) Read & cite only REFUSED FAIL-CLOSED. UN publication, © UNEP. The report's reproduction notice could not be re-read on 2026-09-22 (unep.org and wedocs.unep.org answer a bot challenge to every route tried); UNEP's standard notice permits reproduction for educational or non-profit purposes only, which would make a paid product's redistribution a permission question. Not knowing counts as no: flag false until the notice is read. One row (equivalencies.ref.person_day). The flag was true beside this basis from v2026.139; corrected v2026.200.
Energie- en emissiefactoren elektriciteit volgens de integrale methode, 2000-2024 (Tabel 1) CBS_ELEKTRICITEIT_2024 Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek (CBS) CC BY 4.0 2024 annual Redistributable CBS publishes its StatLine output under CC BY 4.0 with attribution. NOTE THE PUBLISHER CHAIN: the Dutch national factor list (co2emissiefactoren.nl, Rijkswaterstaat / Stichting Stimular) REDISTRIBUTES this number under an attribution request that was reviewed and deliberately declined for the /corpus feed. This row cites CBS, the originating statistical agency, NOT that list — a different publisher with a different and sufficient licence. Do not re-point it at the list.
Enterprise storage-drive life-cycle assessments (Seagate Exos HDD + Nytro SSD) — embodied carbon per TB SEAGATE_STORAGE_LCA_2024 Enterprise cradle-to-gate (manufacturing) embodied carbon per TB for datacenter-grade drives: Seagate Exos X20 (18-20 TB nearline HDD) ~1.2-1.3 kgCO2e/TB; Seagate Nytro (15 TB enterprise SSD) ~2.9 kgCO2e/TB (~2.4x the comparable HDD). Corroborated by Western Digital FY2022 GHG-intensity reporting (HDD ~1.2, SSD ~2.2 kgCO2e/TB). High-density enterprise drives amortise embodied over far more capacity than consumer drives, so per-TB embodied is ~15x below older consumer-grade figures (cf. TANNU_NAIR_SSD_2022). There is active industry debate on the SSD/HDD ratio (Pure Storage / Solidigm vs Seagate-quoted studies, 2025); these figures ship as the enterprise-datacenter default, with the academic consumer figures carried as a documented sensitivity variant. Seagate Technology (product sustainability / LCA reports); corroborated by Western Digital FY2022 sustainability reporting Seagate © / WD © — fair-use citation for published product-LCA figures 2024 per-product LCA releases Read & cite only proprietary or paid licence — cited under fair use, not redistributable
Estimating the Increase in Emissions caused by AI-augmented Search AI_AUGMENTED_SEARCH_EMISSIONS_2024 Modernises Google's 2009 self-disclosure (0.3 Wh / 0.2 gCO2 per search, Urs Hölzle) by adjusting for improved PUE, ~6.7x hardware-efficiency gains over 12 years and declining grid carbon intensity → 0.0424 Wh (0.0000424 kWh) / ~0.02 gCO2 per conventional search (US intensity; operational IT energy; excludes training + embodied). Derivation: 0.0003 kWh × (1.1/1.16 PUE) × (1/6.70 hardware) = 0.0000424 kWh. Also models AI-augmented search (an LLM summarising the results page): ~50-90x (≈60x central) a plain search for a ChatGPT-class summary and ~75x for BLOOM-176B — figures derived from the pre-2025 multi-Wh ChatGPT estimates, so on current Epoch-AI-era per-query energy (~0.3 Wh) the AI-augmented multiplier is closer to ~6-8x. Backs the plain-search headline value and frames the AI-Overview increment. arXiv:2407.16894 (v2) arXiv perpetual non-exclusive licence (author terms); fair-use citation 2024 stable (single publication) Read & cite only proprietary or paid licence — cited under fair use, not redistributable
Fuel Life Cycle Assessment Model — August 2024 database ECCC_FUEL_LCA_MODEL_2024 Primary source for fuels.can.*.wtt.* rows. Distributed as an openLCA JSON-LD database (Fuel_LCA_Model_Database_August2024.zip): 371 of its 529 processes are LCI_RESULT, meaning pre-solved cradle-to-gate inventories rather than unit processes needing a matrix solve. The 16 processes under "Non-combusted fossil fuels, at end user" are well-to-tank by construction — combustion is a separate process family — so no subtraction was required. ECCC bundles BOTH characterisation sets (FuelLCAModelLCIA_AR5 and _AR6) with the database, so the GWP set is the publisher's, not ours. Energy is higher heating value throughout, stated on the "Units of energy" flow property. VALIDATED AGAINST TWO OTHER ECCC PUBLICATIONS: for five fuels where we already carry a National Inventory Report per-litre combustion factor, (combusted CI minus non-combusted CI) x the Clean Fuel Regulations Data Workbook v4.0 heating value reproduces the NIR figure to within 0.4% on four of them and 1.8% on diesel. Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) Open Government Licence – Canada 2024 periodic — a 2026 version is in pre-publication Redistributable Open Government Licence – Canada v2.0 — worldwide, royalty-free, perpetual, non-exclusive, explicitly including commercial use, conditioned on attribution. The open.canada.ca CKAN record for this dataset (ab56f43e-5f06-4017-99c8-00327c4e76e4) reports license_id ca-ogl-lgo, and the file was taken from the ECCC Data Mart, which serves the OGL-Canada text at its root. Same grant and same host as ECCC_NIR_2026.
Getting the Numbers Right (GNR) — global cement CO2 and energy database / GCCA reports GCCA_GNR Global cement-industry body. Backs equivalencies.ref.cement_kg: global-average ~0.6 tonnes CO2 per tonne of cement (GNR, clinker-to-cement ratio ~72%; corroborated by IEA cement tracking). ~half is unavoidable calcination process CO2. Type range (mixed-source context): Portland/CEM I ~0.8, blended CEM III ~0.4 t CO2/t. Global Cement and Concrete Association (GCCA), London Industry-association publication — fair-use citation 2024 annual (GCCA GNR / IEA cement tracking) Read & cite only proprietary or paid licence — cited under fair use, not redistributable
Google Cloud — Carbon free energy for Google Cloud regions (2024 data) GCP_REGION_CARBON_2024 Hourly grid mix and carbon intensity sourced from Electricity Maps; CFE% reflects Google clean-energy investments aggregated per region; data not third-party assured. Available as BigQuery public dataset 'regional-cfe' and GitHub GoogleCloudPlatform/region-carbon-info. Google LLC CC BY 4.0 (cloud.google.com content licence) 2024 annual Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
Green Software Foundation SCI Specification v1.0 GREEN_SOFTWARE_FOUND Superseded Green Software Foundation CC BY 4.0 2024 retired Redistributable CC BY 4.0 — redistributable with attribution
Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator — Calculations and References EPA_GHG_EQUIVALENCIES_2024 Auditor-recognised published equivalency set backing equivalencies.usa.* (passenger vehicle-year 4.29, vehicle-mile 3.93e-4, gasoline gallon 8.887e-3, diesel gallon 1.018e-2, coal pound 9.00e-4, natural gas therm 5.3e-3, home energy-year 7.45, home electricity-year 4.798, forest acre-year 1.00, forest preserved-acre 167.36, wind turbine-year 3,348, railcar coal 180.4, tanker gasoline 75.54, oil barrel 0.43, propane cylinder 0.022, waste recycled/short-ton 2.83) plus two shared reference constants (equivalencies.ref.smartphone.energy_per_charge_kwh 0.0194 net; equivalencies.ref.tree_seedling.sequestration_10yr 0.060). Underlying primary data: EPA eGRID, FHWA, EIA, USDA Forest Service FIA, EPA AVERT, EPA WARM v16, Federal Register (2010), IPCC (2006/2014/2019), McPherson et al. (2016). CO2 for fuel-combustion rows; AR5-basis CO2e where CH4/N2O included (vehicle, WARM, AVERT). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Energy and the Environment, 2024 U.S. Government work — public domain (fair-use citation) 2024 periodic (EPA revises constants as underlying eGRID / FHWA / EIA / USDA / WARM data update) Redistributable US Government work — public domain (17 U.S.C. §105), no copyright; the Equivalencies Calculator calculations page is EPA-authored (EPA disclaimer, read 2026-09-22: third-party content on EPA sites may be copyrighted; none is cited here). Redistributable; attribution customary. Basis string corrected v2026.200 (the generated one contradicted the flag).
ICAO Carbon Emissions Calculator Methodology ICAO_CARBON_CALCULATOR_v13 ICAO Aviation International Civil Aviation Organization No licence stated — methodology v13.1 carries no copyright notice, licence or terms; its "open-source" wording (§1, §7) refers to air carriers adapting the method with their own data, not to reuse rights (icec.icao.int, Methodology v13.1) 2024 annual Read & cite only no grant found — v13.1 carries no copyright notice, licence or terms, and "open-source" is scoped in §1/§7 to carriers customising the method; our 429 rows transcribe Appendices A and C. Referred to counsel
In-Situ Heat Pump Performance Analysis of Ofgem Data 2017-2022 GSHPA_OFGEM_INSITU_2024 Analysis of ~1,700 Ofgem-monitored (Renewable Heat Incentive) air- and ground-source heat pumps. Ground-source average SPF 3.24 (3.31 for 2022 installations); 67% of GSHPs at SPF >= 3.0, one third >= 3.5; +10% improvement 2017->2022. Basis for heating_systems.heat_pump_spf.gshp central value (3.2) and band. Ground Source Heat Pump Association (GSHPA), Renewable Energy Consumer Code (RECC) & DESNZ, November 2024 GSHPA — fair-use citation for published figures 2024 point-in-time analysis (Ofgem RHI-monitored data 2017-2022) Read & cite only proprietary or paid licence — cited under fair use, not redistributable
Microgeneration Certification Scheme (MCS) — heat pump installation standards MCS_STANDARDS Design/operational reference for MCS-certified domestic heat pump installations; heat pump design life ~20 years (basis for heating_systems.reference.lifetime_years.heat_pump). Complements the field-SPF sources (EoH, GSHPA/Ofgem) with the installation-standard design-life convention. MCS Service Company Ltd (UK) Public standards — fair-use citation 2024 periodic standards revision Read & cite only proprietary or paid licence — cited under fair use, not redistributable
NGFS Climate Scenarios — Phase V long-term scenarios for central banks and supervisors (November 2024); shadow carbon price = Price|Carbon, weighted-global, US$2010/tCO2e NGFS_PHASE5_2024 NGFS Scenarios Network for Greening the Financial System (NGFS) / IIASA + PIK + UMD + Climate Analytics + NIESR CC BY 4.0 2024 NGFS scenario vintage (Phase V is the current release; ~annual/biennial) Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
Oxford Principles for Net Zero Aligned Carbon Offsetting (revised 2024) — mechanism (avoidance vs removal) + storage-durability / reversal-risk taxonomy for offset & removal archetypes OXFORD_OFFSETTING_2024 Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, University of Oxford All rights reserved (academic publication; cited by reference, not redistributed) 2024 Periodic revision (2020 original; 2024 revision is current) Read & cite only reviewed; upstream terms do not permit redistribution
SBTi Corporate Net-Zero Standard v1.2 SBTi_CNZS_v1_2 Registered SBTi Net-Zero Science Based Targets initiative All rights reserved — reproduction in unaltered form for personal, non-commercial use only, with attribution (sciencebasedtargets.org/about-us/website-terms-of-use) 2024 periodic revisions Read & cite only SBTi reserves all rights — reproduction permitted only unaltered for personal, non-commercial use; attribution covers extracts, not redistribution
SEC Climate Disclosure Rule — The Enhancement and Standardization of Climate-Related Disclosures for Investors (Release 33-11275; 34-99678; March 6, 2024; partly stayed by US 8th Circuit Court of Appeals) SEC_CLIMATE_2024 SEC Climate Rule US Securities and Exchange Commission US Government public domain 2024 subject to ongoing 8th Circuit litigation; voluntary stay since 2024-04-04 Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
Singapore mandatory climate-related disclosures (ISSB IFRS S2) — SGX RegCo Listing Rules 711A/711B + ACRA / Companies Act, per the SRAC recommendations and ACRA-SGX RegCo phased roadmap (incl. the Extended-Timelines announcement) SGX_ACRA_ISSB_2024 SGX Climate Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority (ACRA) / Singapore Exchange Regulation (SGX RegCo); policy via the Sustainability Reporting Advisory Committee (SRAC) Singapore public record (ACRA / SGX) 2024 VOLATILE — phase-in dates deferred once (Extended-Timelines); re-verify each SGX RegCo / ACRA consultation Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
Smart Freight Centre GLEC Framework v3.1 GLEC_v3_1 Registered GLEC Framework Smart Freight Centre © Smart Freight Centre 2024 — reproduction for educational or non-profit purposes only, with acknowledgement; no resale or other commercial use without prior written permission (GLEC Framework v3.1, copyright notice) 2024 periodic (3-year cycle) Read & cite only Smart Freight Centre reserves rights — free reproduction is granted for educational or non-profit use, which a paid product is not; cited for methodology only
Sustainable Web Design Model — Estimating Digital Emissions (Version 4) SWD_MODEL_V4 Sustainable Web Design Per-byte web-carbon model. Splits energy into three system segments (data centres, networks, user devices), each with an operational and an embodied energy intensity (kWh/GB), multiplied by grid carbon intensity. Operational intensities derived from IEA 2022 + Malmodin 2023 segment energy (290/310/421 TWh) over ITU 2023 total data transfer (5.29 ZB); embodied from the same study set. Global grid default 494 gCO2e/kWh (Ember World). Coefficients cross-checked against the CO2.js reference implementation (The Green Web Foundation) SWDV4 constants. Per-pageview emissions weight new (0.75) vs returning (0.25) visitors, returning visitors re-downloading 2% of data (browser cache). Green hosting reduces the data-centre operational segment only. Sustainable Web Design (with Wholegrain Digital, Mightybytes, The Green Web Foundation) CC BY-SA 4.0 (open methodology) 2024 periodic model revisions (v4 is the current major version, superseding v3) Read & cite only share-alike — viral over derived results, not redistributable
Technical Support Document: Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Conventional Cooking Products (direct final rule, January 2024) DOE_COOKING_TSD_2024_01 cooking.usa.*. Chapter 7 field energy use, chapter 8 installed and installation costs, lifetimes. Table excerpts in handoffs/phase-86-cooking-costs/ (full PDF 11 MB, not stored). Supports the final rule of 14 Feb 2024 (89 FR 11434), compliance 2028. US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building Technologies Office; docket EERE-2014-BT-STD-0005, document 12819 Public domain (US government work) 2024 per rulemaking (next cooking products review not scheduled) Redistributable US government work, public domain — redistributable with attribution
Technical Support Document: Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Water Heaters (final rule) DOE_WH_TSD_2024_04 water_heating.usa.installed_cost.{gas_storage,electric_storage,heat_pump}.*, uef.*, lifetime_years.*, test temperatures. Table excerpts in handoffs/phase-83-water-heater-costs/; the 28 MB PDF is not stored. US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (prepared by Guidehouse and LBNL), April 2024 Public domain (US government work) 2024 on rulemaking Redistributable US government work, public domain — redistributable with attribution
Technical Support Document: Energy Conservation Standards for Gas-fired Instantaneous Water Heaters (final rule) DOE_GIWH_TSD_2024_12 water_heating.usa.installed_cost.gas_tankless*.*, uef.gas_tankless*.*, lifetime_years.gas_tankless. Table excerpts in handoffs/phase-83-water-heater-costs/. US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (prepared by Guidehouse), December 2024 Public domain (US government work) 2024 on rulemaking Redistributable US government work, public domain — redistributable with attribution
US EPA Supply Chain Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors v1.3.0 (NAICS-6, 2022 USD purchaser price) EPA_SC_FACTORS_v1_3_0 USEEIO Emission Factors Phase 17 (2026-05-22): primary source for spend_based.us.* canonical rows. Native dataset is NAICS-6 (1,016 codes) in kg CO2e per 2022 USD at purchaser price (margins-inclusive); we aggregate to NAICS-3 (~90 codes) by unweighted arithmetic mean of NAICS-6 children per parent (documented per-row in factor.notes). Methodology PDFs shipped alongside the data CSV: About the Supply Chain Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors v1.4.0.pdf + Aboutthe2019v1.2SupplyChainGHGEmissionFactors.pdf — v1.4 covers methodology that carries through v1.3 data unchanged. DOI 10.23719/1531143. GWP basis AR5 GWP-100 — EPA states "100-yr global warming potentials from IPCC 5th report (AR5)" on the v1.3 dataset page. CORRECTED v2026.110 (2026-08-08): Phase 17 D3 labelled these rows AR6_100 and every EPA row carried that label through v2026.109; it was wrong. Two independent confirmations: (i) EPA's v1.3 dataset page as quoted; (ii) reconstructing CO2e from the companion per-gas file SupplyChainGHGEmissionFactors_v1.3.0_NAICS_byGHG_USD2022.csv and solving for the implied GWP-100 across all 1,016 NAICS-6 sectors gives CH4 27.9 / N2O 265.0 (AR5 = 28 / 265; AR6 = 27.0 / 273; AR4 = 25 / 298), with 90.9% of sectors reproduced to within 0.5% under AR5 vs 74.5% under AR6 and 50.2% under AR4. NB the bundled Aboutthe2019v1.2SupplyChainGHGEmissionFactors.pdf documents AR4, but it describes v1.2 (2019 data), NOT the v1.3.0 data carried here — that stale PDF is the likely origin of the mislabel. FACTOR VALUES ARE UNAFFECTED (transcribed verbatim from EPA); this is a label-only correction. Output is "secondary" data per PCAF/CSRD definitions — use only as fallback when supplier-specific PCF unavailable. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Research and Development US Government work; public domain (no copyright) 2024 irregular (v1.0 2019, v1.1 2020, v1.2 2022, v1.3 2024, v1.4 2025) Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
US EPA eGRID 2022 (2024 release) EPA_2024 EPA eGRID US Environmental Protection Agency US Government public domain 2024 annual (January) Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
US oil and gas system emissions from nearly one million aerial site measurements SHERWIN_2024_NATURE Backs gas_supply_chain_methane.usa.sherwin_2024.*. Figures from the corrected abstract (the 2026 correction fixed unit, sorting and transition-point errors; main results stated unchanged). Copy in ~/gc-sources/gas/. E. D. Sherwin, J. S. Rutherford, Z. Zhang et al., Nature 627:328-334, 2024, doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07117-5; Author Correction 29 May 2026, doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10605-5 © Springer Nature — subscription article (not open access); fair-use citation of the published abstract figures 2024 static (2024 study; corrected 2026) Read & cite only NOT redistributable. Journal copyright; values cited as published findings only
WBCSD Pathfinder Framework v2.0 (PACT) WBCSD_PATHFINDER_v2 WBCSD Pathfinder WBCSD / PACT CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 — NonCommercial and NoDerivatives; commercial use requires written permission from WBCSD (wbcsd.org/terms-of-use) 2024 periodic revisions Read & cite only reviewed; upstream terms do not permit redistribution
World Bank Open Data — Indicator EG.ELC.LOSS.ZS: Electric power transmission and distribution losses (% of output) WORLD_BANK_TD_LOSSES_2024 Re-pulled 2026-08-13. Coverage is uneven: of the 149 countries carried, only 41 have a 2024 observation, so rows state their own window in factor.year_range rather than sharing one. Each row is the mean of the LATEST FIVE OBSERVED YEARS for that country (years_observed is 5 on every row). World Bank Group (compiled from IEA Statistics + national grid operators) CC BY 4.0 — World Bank Open Data 2024 annual indicator refresh Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
ÖKOBAUDAT 2024 (Release I) — German federal LCA database for building materials OEKOBAUDAT_2024 ÖKOBAUDAT 2024 Bundesinstitut für Bau-, Stadt- und Raumforschung (BBSR) / Bundesministerium für Wohnen, Stadtentwicklung und Bauwesen (BMWSB) CC BY 4.0 (public open data; DIBt-administered free use with attribution) 2024 two releases per year (Release I early-year, Release II mid-year) Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
10 CFR 430.32 Energy and water conservation standards and their compliance dates DOE_10CFR430_32 heating_systems.usa.efficiency.* federal minimums for split-system heat pumps from 2023-01-01. US Department of Energy, Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR current) Public domain (US federal regulation) 2023 on rulemaking Redistributable US federal regulation, public domain — redistributable
Assessing embodied carbon emissions of communication user devices by combining approaches (Lövehagen, Malmodin, Bergmark, Matinfar — Ericsson Research) LOVEHAGEN_2023_EMBODIED_USER_DEVICES Combines published LCAs + supply-chain reporting + vendor reporting to derive representative 2020 embodied emissions per device type. Total ~180 Mtonnes CO2e across user devices globally in 2020. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 183 (2023) 113422 CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 (Elsevier Open Access) 2023 stable (single publication) Redistributable CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, overridden by written permission from the paper's first author: display on the free public pages granted 2026-09-09, and service through the GreenCalculus API granted 2026-09-10. The grant runs to GreenCalculus and is not sublicensable — these rows are served and citable, but they are held out of the open-data export because your right to republish the values is not ours to give
Australian Safeguard Mechanism (Crediting) Amendment Act 2023 AU_SAFEGUARD_2023 Registered AU Safeguard Australian Clean Energy Regulator Australian public record 2023 baseline decline through 2030 Redistributable Australian public record — statutory instrument, no redistribution restriction
Average annual energy savings when replacing single pane clear and double pane clear windows (ENERGY STAR Version 7.0) ENERGYSTAR_WINDOWS_SAVINGS_2023 windows.usa.energystar_v7.savings_*, model_home_ft2. PDF text in handoffs/phase-89-windows/. US EPA ENERGY STAR; analysis by D+R International (EnergyPlus 9.5, 132 cities), October 2023 Public domain (US government work) 2023 with each specification revision Redistributable US government work, public domain — redistributable with attribution
California SB-253 Climate Corporate Data Accountability Act (Stern, 2023; effective 2024-01-01; CARB-implemented from 2025) CA_SB253 CA SB-253 / SB-261 California Legislature / California Air Resources Board (CARB) California public record 2023 CARB implementing regulations from 2025; 2029 deadline review; updates by 2030 Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
California SB-261 Climate-related Financial Risk Disclosure Act (Stern, 2023; first report due 2026-01-01) CA_SB261 CA SB-253 / SB-261 California Legislature / CARB California public record 2023 biennial reporting cycle; CARB regulations implementing TCFD/IFRS-S2 framework Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
EPD Hub HUB-0258 — Aurubis Finland Oy, Nordic Standard / Nordic Antique copper sheet (cradle-to-gate + C + D) EPDHUB_AURUBIS_NORDIC_2023 Phase 12f (2026-05-21): registered to replace materials.buildings.copper placeholder (legacy ICE Database v3.0 value 3.550 kg CO2e/kg retained pending proper EPD). Aurubis Finland EPD covers Nordic Standard + Nordic Antique copper sheet/strip (99.90 percent Cu min, thickness 0.3-4.0 mm, declared unit 1 kg). EN 15804+A2 module-resolved A1-A3 + C3 + C4 + D. Note this represents SECONDARY (recycled) copper production at Aurubis Finland Pori plant — primary copper from ore mining has materially higher A1-A3 GWP (~2.5-3.5 kg CO2e/kg per ICA cradle-to-gate averages). For applications where the copper supply chain origin is primary, calculator should apply a primary-copper uplift or use a primary-copper EPD when one is registered. EPD Hub (program operator); Afry Finland Oy (EPD author Riikka Anttonen, Laura Sariola); Aurubis Finland Oy (declaration holder) EPD Hub published EPD — free to cite with attribution; declaration valid 5 years from publication date (2023-01-30 → 2028-01-30) 2023 EPD revalidation every 5 years Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
ESRS E1 Climate Change — Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/2772 supplementing Directive 2013/34/EU as regards sustainability reporting standards (Annex I includes all ESRS, of which E1 is the climate topical standard) CSRD_ESRS_E1 CSRD / ESRS E1 European Commission / EFRAG EU Official Journal — free use with attribution 2023 amendments periodic via Commission Delegated Regulations Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
EU ETS Phase 4 + EEA Trends and Projections in the EU-ETS in 2025 Report (ETC CM 2025/06, Dec 2025, Öko-Institut) — Directive 2003/87/EC consolidated + Fit-for-55 amendments + Directive (EU) 2023/959 maritime inclusion EU_ETS_PHASE4 EU ETS European Commission + European Environment Agency / European Topic Centre on Climate Change Mitigation EU Official Journal — free use with attribution; EEA report CC BY 4.0 2023 EU ETS amendments via Directive amendments; EEA Report annual Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
EXIOBASE v3.8 Multi-Regional Input-Output Database EXIOBASE_v3_8 Exiobase Emission Factors Release in use: 3.8.2 (Zenodo 5589597, published 2021-10-21; CO2 data to 2019, other GHGs to 2017, later years now-cast). Newer releases exist: 3.9.x (2025), 3.10.x (2026), 3.11.2 (2026-09-30, Zenodo 23039074) — NOT an upgrade path without a commercial licence: v3.9.* and later are under a customised CC BY-NC-SA derivative (LICENSE.txt in the 3.11.2 record, checked 2026-10-07) that bars any use by for-profit entities and bars publishing original or derived coefficients (multipliers, scope 1/2/3 emission factors) even for permitted non-commercial users. Commercial licences: exiobase-support@googlegroups.com (no published terms). Stay on 3.8.2 (CC BY-SA 4.0) until a commercial licence is held. v2026.229: spend_based.exiobase.sectors.* rebuilt from EXIOBASE 3.8.2 IOT_2019_pxp.zip (Zenodo record 5589597, md5 e26708e8c465e907b3a43ba47e1c9f4c, downloaded 2026-10-06): satellite/M.txt per-gas total multipliers on AR5 GWP-100, output-weighted (x.txt) across all 49 regions. EXIOBASE consortium (NTNU, Leiden, TNO et al.) CC BY-SA 4.0 (research use) 2023 periodic versions Read & cite only share-alike — viral over derived results, not redistributable
European Union Blockchain Observatory and Forum — Ethereum Merge Trend Report (EUBOF v3.0, April 2023; CERTH/ITI & UNIC authors) EUBOF_ETH_MERGE_2023 European Commission — EU Blockchain Observatory and Forum (operated by CERTH/ITI Hellas + University of Nicosia Cyprus) European Commission publication — free use with attribution 2023 EUBOF trend report series — one-off Ethereum Merge analysis (April 2023); EUBOF currently archived but reports remain accessible Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
FAQ: How many smart meters are installed in the United States, and who has them? EIA_FAQ_SMART_METERS energy_feedback.usa.smart_meter*. US Energy Information Administration (from Form EIA-861), updated 20 October 2023 Public domain (US government work) 2023 annual Redistributable US government work, public domain – redistributable with attribution
From cradle to grave: the carbon footprint of EV batteries (position paper) TE_BATTERY_FOOTPRINT_2023 Corroborating source for the battery manufacturing-grid confidence band. NMC622 carbon footprint varies with the production grid: 64 (Sweden) / 78 (EU-2022) / 85 (Germany) / 105 (China) kg CO2e/kWh; best-in-class supply chain 33-48. Calibrated on IVL (2019). Informs the calculator low/high band around the GREET central values. Transport & Environment (T&E), April 2023 T&E (c) – fair-use citation for published figures 2023 point-in-time position paper (2023) Read & cite only proprietary or paid licence — cited under fair use, not redistributable
IFRS S2 Climate-related Disclosures (ISSB, June 2023) — clause-ref-only consumption in MB per IFRS Foundation licence (free personal use; paid licence for software/data products containing verbatim text) IFRS_S2_2023 IFRS S2 IFRS Foundation / ISSB IFRS proprietary — fair use citation; software/data products require paid licence 2023 periodic ISSB review Read & cite only proprietary or paid licence — cited under fair use, not redistributable
ISO 14083:2023 GHG quantification and reporting for transport chain operations ISO_14083_2023 Registered ISO 14083 ISO (TC 207 SC 7) Paid licence (ISO copyrighted) — referenced for methodology, not factor tables 2023 periodic ISO review Read & cite only ISO paid licence — referenced for methodology only, factor tables not reproduced; not redistributable
Life Cycle Assessment of Electricity from PV Systems – IEA-PVPS Task 12 Fact Sheet (2023 update) IEA_PVPS_T12_LCA_2023 IEA PVPS Task 12 Lifecycle GHG intensity of rooftop PV electricity. Reference case: 1 kWh AC from a 3 kWp rooftop system in Europe, 976 kWh/kWp/yr (incl. 0.7%/yr degradation), 1331 kWh/m2 irradiation, 30-yr panel / 15-yr inverter life, reference year 2022. mono-Si 35.8, multi-Si 43.6, CIS 35.5, CdTe 25.2 g CO2-eq/kWh. The fact sheet gives no per-kWp figure and no manufacturing-region scenarios; the renewable_generation embodied_per_kwp rows are GreenCalculus assumptions (v2026.205). Its time series for a Swiss rooftop mono-Si system runs 121 (1996) to 36 (2023) g CO2-eq/kWh. IEA Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme (IEA-PVPS), Task 12 PV Sustainability, 2023-2024 fact-sheet update (T12-18:2020 methodology) IEA-PVPS (c) – fair-use citation for published figures 2023 periodic Task 12 fact-sheet update Read & cite only proprietary or paid licence — cited under fair use, not redistributable
NVIDIA H100 Tensor Core GPU — Product Carbon Footprint (SXM baseboard) NVIDIA_H100_PCF_2023 NVIDIA-published embodied (manufacturing) carbon footprint for the H100 SXM baseboard carrying eight H100 SXM cards = ~1,312 kg CO2e, i.e. ~164 kg CO2e per card. Memory ~42%, integrated circuits ~25%, thermal ~18% of the embodied footprint. Per-card figure used here is derived (baseboard ÷ 8); cradle-to-gate manufacturing, GWP-100 (AR5 vs AR6 immaterial for embodied hardware, <1%). NVIDIA Corporation NVIDIA © — fair-use citation of published carbon-footprint figure 2023 point-in-time product carbon footprint Read & cite only proprietary or paid licence — cited under fair use, not redistributable
National Travel Survey 2023 — table NTS0901a (Annual mileage of cars by fuel type) DFT_NTS_2023 Average annual distance driven per car (England, 2023): all cars 7,000 miles/yr (= 11,265 km); petrol 6,100, diesel 8,300, hybrid 8,300 miles/yr; unweighted sample 8,161. Basis for equivalencies.gbr.ref.car_annual_distance_km — the reference distance the engine multiplies by passenger_vehicles.car.size.average.<fuel> to derive the GB "car driven for a year" equivalency. Department for Transport (DfT), National Statistics, England, 2024 Open Government Licence v3.0 2023 annual (National Travel Survey) Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
Product Environmental Report — QLED television (75Q60C) SAMSUNG_QLED_EPD_2023 Primary anchor for the television embodied row. Declares 982 kg CO2e lifecycle for a 75-inch QLED; the embodied (production) share is ~1/3 per Carbon Trust/DIMPACT, giving ~327 kg at 75 inch, area-scaled by (55/75)^2 to ~175 kg at 55 inch. Corroborated by the JRC Ecolabel TV study Table 17 (Huulgaard 2013, 32-inch LCD: 313-362 kg total at 80-92% production => ~290 kg production for an older, smaller, less-efficient panel). The Thomas 2011 40-inch figure (~600 kg production, NF3-laden) is excluded as unrepresentative of modern panels. NOT sourced from Lovehagen et al. 2023, whose device set contains a PC display but no television. Deep-link to the per-model PDF is not stable; the report is reached via the Samsung sustainability portal and identified by model number in cell_ref. Samsung Electronics — life-cycle assessment to PAS 2050, Carbon Trust certified Manufacturer environmental declaration — citation with attribution 2023 per product model (no fixed cadence; superseded as model lines refresh) Read & cite only reviewed; upstream terms do not permit redistribution
Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) 2020, state consumption and expenditure tables CE5.3.ST and CE5.4.ST EIA_RECS_2020 heating_systems.usa.recs2020.space_heating.* (MMBtu per household using the fuel). Q/N cells omitted, never zero. U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), RECS 2020 (state data released June 2023) Public domain (US government work); EIA asks for attribution 2023 survey roughly every 4-5 years Redistributable US government work, public domain — redistributable with attribution
SBTi Forest, Land and Agriculture Guidance v1.0 SBTi_FLAG_2023 Registered SBTi FLAG Science Based Targets initiative All rights reserved — reproduction in unaltered form for personal, non-commercial use only, with attribution (sciencebasedtargets.org/about-us/website-terms-of-use) 2023 periodic revisions Read & cite only SBTi reserves all rights — reproduction permitted only unaltered for personal, non-commercial use; attribution covers extracts, not redistribution
US EPA eGRID 2023 rev2 (data year 2023, published 2025) EPA_EGRID_2023 EPA eGRID US Environmental Protection Agency US Government public domain 2023 annual (January, ~2yr lag from data year) Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
Vegans, vegetarians, fish-eaters and meat-eaters in the UK show discrepant environmental impacts SCARBOROUGH_2023 Phase 66 (2026-07-12): registered for the food.diet.*.annual per-capita dietary-footprint family (Personal Carbon Footprint calculator). GHG results are Table 3 median dietary emissions (Monte Carlo, 1,000 iterations) in kg CO2e/day, GWP100 on IPCC AR6 factors (CH4 27, N2O 273), standardised to a 2,000 kcal/day diet and by age and gender, by self-reported diet group; the annual rows multiply the published daily medians by 365. 2026-10-07 (v2026.239): medium meat-eaters corrected 7.49 -> 7.04 kg/day (paper Table 3) and gwp_set AR5_100 -> AR6_100 on all six rows. Diet LCA maps EPIC-Oxford UK intake onto Poore & Nemecek production data. Indicative POPULATION-LEVEL factors — real individual footprints vary widely with food choice. P. Scarborough, M. Clark, L. Cobiac et al., Nature Food 4:565-574 Nature Food — open access (CC BY 4.0); citation with attribution 2023 static (2023 study; EPIC-Oxford dietary intake × LCA, ~55,000 UK adults) Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
Whole Life Carbon Assessment for the Built Environment, RICS Professional Standard, 2nd edition RICS_WLCA_2023 RICS WLCA Effective Jul 2024. Source of the 60-year reference study period (buildings), Table 17 default transport-to-site distances (Module A4), Table 10 default material waste rates (Module A5, derived from WRAP Net Waste Tool), Table 12 reference service lives (Modules B2-B5), and the Module C1 demolition scenarios (proportion of A5.2). Transport/C1 default figures cross-checked against the One Click LCA RICS-WLC-v2 implementation guide (help.oneclicklca.com) retrieved 2026-06-16. Standard PDF is copyright RICS and NOT committed to handoffs/. Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) RICS copyright — reference by citation only (standard not redistributable) 2023 irregular (editions) Read & cite only reviewed; upstream terms do not permit redistribution
ecoinvent v3.10 database — methodology Change Report (2023-12-14) ECOINVENT_3_10 ecoinvent ecoinvent Association (Switzerland) Methodology documentation: open; quantitative activity datasets: licensed (commercial redistribution prohibited — pointer rows only in MB) 2023 annual major release Read & cite only reviewed; upstream terms do not permit redistribution
ACT (Assessing low-Carbon Transition) Aluminium Methodology v2.0 — joint ADEME + CDP forward-looking sector-specific transition assessment framework (203pp, 9 modules covering Targets / Investment / Sold-product / Management / Engagement / Business Model) ACT_ALUMINIUM_2022 ADEME (Agence de la transition écologique, France) + CDP Worldwide ADEME + CDP joint copyright 2022 — reproduction without permission prohibited 2022 v2.0 released 2022; subsequent versions per sector working group Read & cite only reviewed; upstream terms do not permit redistribution
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34 — Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants ASHRAE_34 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers ANSI/ASHRAE copyrighted — referenced for refrigerant designations and blend compositions only 2022 continuous maintenance (addenda) Read & cite only reviewed; upstream terms do not permit redistribution
Crypto Carbon Ratings Institute — The Merge: Implications on the Electricity Consumption and Carbon Footprint of the Ethereum Network (September 2022, ConsenSys Software Inc. commissioned report) CCRI_ETH_2022 CCRI Crypto Ratings Crypto Carbon Ratings Institute (CCRI GmbH, Dingolfing, Germany) CCRI proprietary — fair use citation of published methodology + numerical results from the ConsenSys-commissioned Merge report PDF; measurements covered 95.54% of all post-Merge Ethereum clients 2022 one-off commissioned report; live successor data behind paid CCRI Sustainability API at indices.carbon-ratings.com Read & cite only proprietary or paid licence — cited under fair use, not redistributable
DIMPACT — Estimating the Carbon Impacts of Serving Digital Media and Entertainment Products (Methodology Report v1.0) DIMPACT_FRAMEWORK_2022 DIMPACT assumes 15 W constant power for browser-based laptop scenarios. Critiqued by Kirkeby & Lagermann 2026 as overestimating modern laptops (measured 9–13 W). DIMPACT Initiative (Carnstone Partners) DIMPACT methodology — fair-use citation 2022 periodic methodology updates (v1.0 Oct 2022) Read & cite only proprietary or paid licence — cited under fair use, not redistributable
ENERGY STAR Version 7.0 Residential Windows, Doors, and Skylights: Final Specification ENERGYSTAR_WINDOWS_V7_SPEC windows.usa.energystar_v7.{max_u_factor,shgc_limit}.*. Table 1 text in handoffs/phase-89-windows/. US EPA ENERGY STAR, effective 23 October 2023 Public domain (US government work) 2022 irregular (specification revisions) Redistributable US government work, public domain — redistributable with attribution
IPCC AR6 Working Group III, Chapter 10: Transport IPCC_AR6_WGIII_CH10 Backs transport_sector.global.ipcc_ar6.*. Executive Summary gives 8.7 Gt (2019) and 5.0 Gt (1990); Section 10.1.2 of the same chapter gives 8.9 and 5.1. Copy in ~/gc-sources/transport/. Jaramillo, P., S. Kahn Ribeiro, P. Newman et al., 2022: Transport. In: Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC, Cambridge University Press, doi:10.1017/9781009157926.012 © IPCC — personal, non-commercial use only (ipcc.ch/copyright); fair-use citation of published values 2022 IPCC assessment cycle (AR6 published 2022; AR7 expected 2028-29) Read & cite only NOT redistributable. IPCC copyright terms allow personal, non-commercial use without a right to redistribute; values cited as published facts only
The Dirty Secret of SSDs: Embodied Carbon (Tannu, Nair) TANNU_NAIR_SSD_2022 Flash (SSD) manufacturing ~0.16 kgCO2e per GB (~160 kgCO2e/TB) versus consumer HDD ~0.02 kgCO2e per GB (~20 kgCO2e/TB) — an ~8x embodied ratio, measured on ~2017 consumer-grade drives. Widely cited academic anchor; represents a conservative upper bound relative to modern enterprise-datacenter drive LCAs (cf. SEAGATE_STORAGE_LCA_2024, ~15x lower per TB). Shipped as the cloud-storage calculator's conservative / consumer-grade embodied sensitivity variant (kgco2e_per_tb_consumer rows). Swamit Tannu, Prashant J. Nair — arXiv:2207.10793; ACM SIGENERGY Energy Informatics Review 3(3), Oct 2023 arXiv perpetual non-exclusive licence; fair-use citation 2022 stable (v2 preprint 2023) Read & cite only proprietary or paid licence — cited under fair use, not redistributable
The IDF global Carbon Footprint standard for the dairy sector IDF_2022 Phase 55 (2026-06-22): registered for the food.* dairy reference rows feeding the Sector PCF Food calculator. Defines the fat- and protein-corrected milk (FPCM) functional unit — FPCM(kg) = raw milk(kg) x (0.1226 x Fat% + 0.0776 x True Protein% + 0.2534) — and the biophysical milk:meat co-product allocation method, with ~85% to milk as the typical default where farm-specific live-weight-sold data is unavailable. International Dairy Federation (IDF) IDF — citation with attribution (Bulletin of the IDF No 520/2022) 2022 periodic (supersedes Bulletin 479/2015; cradle-to-grave update) Read & cite only reviewed; upstream terms do not permit redistribution
US Environmentally-Extended Input-Output Model v2.0 USEEIO_v2_0 Registered US EPA US Government public domain 2022 periodic — tied to BEA benchmark cycle Redistributable US Government work — public domain, no copyright
Carbon Emissions and Large Neural Network Training (Patterson, Gonzalez, Le, Liang, Munguia, Rothchild, So, Texier, Dean — Google + UC Berkeley, arXiv 2104.10350 v3) PATTERSON_2021_LARGE_NN_TRAINING arXiv:2104.10350 v3 arXiv perpetual non-exclusive licence (author terms); fair-use citation 2021 stable (v3 preprint) Read & cite only proprietary or paid licence — cited under fair use, not redistributable
Carbon Neutrality in the UNECE Region: Integrated Life-cycle Assessment of Electricity Sources UNECE_LCA_2021 Backs electricity_lifecycle.unece_2021.<tech>.{min,max} (10 technologies x 2) from the Key findings. unece.org returns 403 to scripts; copy via the Internet Archive, in ~/gc-sources/lca-electricity/. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, Geneva, 2021 (published 2022) © 2021 United Nations, all rights reserved worldwide 2021 one-off report Read & cite only United Nations, all rights reserved — fair-use citation of published figures only; not redistributable
Carbon impact of video streaming CARBON_TRUST_VIDEO_STREAMING_2021 The streaming-native reference model, and the primary that Ofcom (2022) cites throughout. Headline: 56 gCO2e and 188 Wh per European streaming hour (2020), at a modelled 6.40 Mbps / 2.88 GB per hour with a representative end-user device mix and 2020 IEA grid factors (grid year 2018). Table 3 supplies four coefficients on THREE different bases — fixed network 0.0065 kWh/GB (Aslan et al. 2018 regression extrapolated to 2020), mobile network 0.1 kWh/GB (Pihkola et al. 2018, Finnish operator data), home router 0.025 kWh/GB (10 W router over average household fixed data, fixed access ONLY), and data centre + CDN 1.3 Wh per VIEWING HOUR (DIMPACT measured, time-based not per-GB, VOD not live). Table 10 supplies device power: laptop 22 W, desktop 115 W (incl. monitor), TV 100 W at 50-inch (deliberately conservative), smartphone 1 W, set-top box 18 W, games console 89 W. CRITICAL for consumers: these coefficients are ~9x BELOW the SWD v4 web intensities (digital.web.swd.v4.*) and are the appropriate family for streaming-scale data volumes — SWD is a per-page web model. Carbon Trust caveats that kWh/GB is valid for retrospective allocation only, never for estimating the instantaneous impact of changing data volumes. The Carbon Trust, with DIMPACT (convened by Carnstone Partners Ltd) — member companies supplied measured 2020 data The Carbon Trust — citation with attribution 2021 one-off white paper (2020 underlying data; not periodically revised) Read & cite only reviewed; upstream terms do not permit redistribution
Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279 of 15 December 2021 on the use of the Environmental Footprint methods to measure and communicate the life cycle environmental performance of products and organisations EU_PEF_REC_2021_2279 EU PEF European Commission DG ENV / JRC EU Official Journal — free use with attribution 2021 transitional through 2026; periodic Commission technical advisory board revisions Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
Crypto Carbon Ratings Institute (CCRI) — Carbon Emissions Report of BTCetc (June 16, 2021; Gallersdörfer, Klaaßen & Stoll) CCRI_CRYPTO_2021 CCRI Crypto Ratings Crypto Carbon Ratings Institute (Gaul UG, Dingolfing, Germany) CCRI proprietary — fair use citation of published methodology + numerical results from the BTCetc report PDF (ETC Holdings Ltd commissioned) 2021 ad-hoc product reports; CCRI live carbon estimates for 20+ blockchain networks behind the CCRI Sustainability API at indices.carbon-ratings.com (paid licence) Read & cite only proprietary or paid licence — cited under fair use, not redistributable
EU Product Environmental Footprint Method PEF_METHOD_2021 EU PEF European Commission DG ENV / JRC EU Official Journal — free use with attribution 2021 transitional through 2026 Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) WGI IPCC_AR6 IPCC AR6 Re-checked 2026-10-15 (yearly re-check, /update-schedule/): AR7 has no Working Group I report yet (ipcc.ch: the AR7 Synthesis Report is due by late 2029), so AR6 stays the current assessment. The IPCC published WGI errata (version 7 October 2025) correcting Tables 7.15 and 7.SM.7 after a calculation error; those corrected values are loaded alongside as IPCC_AR6_ERRATA_2025 (gwp.*.ar6e_* rows). The gwp.*.ar6_* rows keep the values as published in 2021, which the GHG Protocol GWP table (v2.0, August 2024) still uses. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change © IPCC; full WGI report open access at Cambridge University Press under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 2021 AR cycle (~7 years; AR7 expected ~2028) Read & cite only NOT redistributable. The full WGI report is open access at Cambridge University Press (doi:10.1017/9781009157896, checked 2026-09-22) under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0: non-commercial and no derivatives, and a paid product's bulk feed of extracted values is both. The 'CC BY 4.0' recorded until v2026.201 had no source. Rows stay served and cited (Table 7.SM.7 GWPs with page); withheld from the CSV download, /corpus and the mirrors. The GWP rows are to be re-sourced to open publishers that reprint them (DEFRA methodology under OGL v3; Reg (EU) 2024/573 Annex I in the Official Journal) – FOLLOWUPS.
Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Electricity Generation: Update (fact sheet NREL/FS-6A50-80580) NREL_LCA_HARMONIZATION_2021 Backs electricity_lifecycle.nrel_2021.<tech>.median_total (14) and nuclear phase medians (3). The nrel.gov PDF host stopped resolving after the rename; copy retrieved via the Internet Archive capture of www.nrel.gov/docs/fy21osti/80580.pdf (2024-12-30), sha256 c5c32708…; in ~/gc-sources/lca-electricity/. National Renewable Energy Laboratory LCA Harmonization Project, fact sheet published September 2021 US DOE national laboratory publication; terms not separately reviewed — cited figures only 2021 irregular (2012 harmonization, 2021 update) Read & cite only Publication terms not separately reviewed; cited figures only — not redistributable until reviewed
PEFCR Guidance v6.3 — Guidance for the development of Product Environmental Footprint Category Rules PEFCR_GUIDANCE_v6_3 EU PEF European Commission DG ENV EU Official Journal — free use with attribution (CC BY 4.0) 2021 periodic Commission revisions Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
Product carbon footprinting — clothing / textile LCA literature CARBON_TRUST_CLOTHING Backs equivalencies.ref.apparel_item: a cotton T-shirt ~7 kg CO2e on a PRODUCTION / cradle-to-gate basis (mid-range of textile LCAs; Carbon Trust cites ~15 kg over a full lifetime INCLUDING use-phase washing/drying). Highly garment- and boundary-dependent: underwear ~2, T-shirt ~7, polyester jacket ~18, jeans ~25 kg CO2e. INDICATIVE, mixed-source. Carbon Trust, London (with corroborating textile life-cycle assessments) Industry report / literature — fair-use citation 2021 periodic (product-footprint studies) Read & cite only proprietary or paid licence — cited under fair use, not redistributable
RIBA 2030 Climate Challenge (version 2) RIBA_2030 Source of the 2030 embodied carbon targets: under 750 kgCO2e/m2 non-domestic/office and under 625 kgCO2e/m2 domestic (embodied = A1-A5 + B + C, excluding operational B6/B7). Stored in materials.benchmark.*.target_2030_riba. Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) Open (RIBA free publication) 2021 irregular Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
SAP 10.2 (Standard Assessment Procedure) & SEDBUK boiler seasonal efficiency SAP_10_2_SEDBUK SEDBUK seasonal boiler efficiencies are quoted on a GROSS (higher) calorific value basis (SAP 10.2) — the basis the calculator pairs with fuels.gbr.*.kwh_gcv. What SAP 10.2 states: Table 4b (p.162), the defaults for a boiler that cannot be located in the Product Characteristics Database — regular condensing gas 84% winter, non-condensing gas 74%, condensing oil 84%, standard oil (1998 or later) 80%; the notional dwelling uses an 89.5% SEDBUK(2009) boiler (p.114); Table 4a, direct electric heating 100%. Real-world in-situ seasonal efficiency is lower (~75-85%, Energy Saving Trust field monitoring) and is carried as the low uncertainty bound. BRE for the Department for Energy Security & Net Zero (DESNZ) — SAP 10.2 methodology + Product Characteristics Database (SEDBUK) © Crown copyright 2021 — the document states no licence (checked 2026-09-21, all 191 pages) 2021 periodic SAP methodology revision Redistributable PROVISIONAL — Crown copyright with no licence stated in the document; treated as reusable with attribution pending the publisher's confirmation (asked 2026-09-21). To be withheld if refused.
The Cost of Decarbonization and Energy Upgrade Retrofits for US Homes LBNL_HOME_RETROFIT_COST_2021 National heat pump installed-cost baseline (heating_systems.usa.installed_cost.lbnl_*), 2019 USD. Less, Walker, Casquero-Modrego, Rainer; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, August 2021, doi:10.20357/B7FP4D US DOE-funded national laboratory report; figures cited with attribution 2021 one-off study Redistributable three cited summary statistics with attribution; report terms not separately reviewed
Energy Saving Trust – home appliance & water-use guidance ENERGY_SAVING_TRUST Kitchen-tap flow rate (~6 L/min), sink-fill volume, and hand-wash vs dishwasher energy/water comparisons (corroborated by Which? and the University of Michigan CSS dishwashing LCA). Basis for the derived reusable_vs_single_use.reference.handwash_* central values, which are exposed as editable assumptions. Also carries the gas-boiler replacement-interval norm (~15 years) for heating_systems.reference.lifetime_years.boiler. Energy Saving Trust (UK) Public guidance 2020 periodic guidance updates Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
Global Photovoltaic Power Potential by Country WORLDBANK_GSA_SOLARGIS_2020 Specific-yield basis for renewable_generation.reference.specific_yield.*. Practical PV power potential (PVOUT, Level 1) as country averages in kWh/kWp/day; multiplied by 365 for annual yield. Large intra-country spread; values are representative country averages, editable per install. World Bank / ESMAP, prepared by Solargis (Global Solar Atlas 2.0), 2020 CC BY 4.0 (World Bank / ESMAP / Solargis) 2020 periodic Global Solar Atlas revision Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
Guidance for Calculating Water Use Embedded in Purchased Electricity (Reig, Luo, Christensen, Sinistore) WRI_WATER_ELECTRICITY_2020 Files: https://files.wri.org/d8/s3fs-public/guidance-calculating-water-use-embedded-purchased-electricity_0.pdf and …-appendices-1-to-7.xlsx (both linked from the WRI download page). Global generation-weighted averages: 315 gal/kWh withdrawal, 1.27 gal/kWh consumption (paper Table 4). Consumption ranges 0.3 (Malta) to 4.91 gal/kWh (Brazil). Hydro reservoir evaporation is included and dominates hydro-heavy grids. World Resources Institute working paper, with WSP CC BY 4.0 2020 single publication (Feb 2020); 2016 generation mix, GaBi 2018 databases Redistributable The working paper is CC BY 4.0 (colophon: Copyright 2020 World Resources Institute). Its back matter also records a thinkstep licence covering the GaBi input data, which bars redistributing those datasets but states that calculated results may be published. The grid-average factors in Appendices 1-2 are WRI/WSP calculated results published openly in the paper; only those are held. The per-technology factors in Appendices 3-4 are closer to the licensed inputs and are deliberately NOT held.
How Bad Are Bananas? The Carbon Footprint of Everything (2nd ed.) BERNERS_LEE_BANANAS_2020 Widely-cited per-item carbon-footprint reference. Backs equivalencies.ref.coffee_cup (a standard café latte, 0.34 kg CO2e). Per-cup ladder: black coffee 21 g, milky coffee 71 g, cappuccino 235 g, latte 340 g, large latte 550 g — dairy milk dominates milky drinks. Popular-science secondary source; indicative, brew- and milk-dependent. Mike Berners-Lee, Profile Books / Greystone Books, 2020 Published book — fair-use citation of individual figures 2020 per book edition (1st ed. 2010, 2nd ed. 2020) Read & cite only proprietary or paid licence — cited under fair use, not redistributable
LETI Embodied Carbon Primer + Carbon Alignment LETI_2020 Source of business-as-usual and 2030 whole-life embodied carbon benchmark bands (kgCO2e/m2 GIA) for residential and non-residential/office buildings, and the LETI/IStructE 2026 A1-A5 upfront-carbon targets. Module scope recorded per row in factor.basis (whole-life A-C vs upfront A1-A5). LETI (London Energy Transformation Initiative) Open (LETI free publication) 2020 irregular Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
Sustainable Web Design Model — Estimating Digital Emissions (Version 3, legacy) SWD_MODEL_V3 Sustainable Web Design The prior single-coefficient SWD model: one blended 0.81 kWh/GB energy intensity across all segments, no operational/embodied or per-segment split. Retained so the calculator can offer a v3-vs-v4 comparison toggle. Superseded by v4 for primary estimates. Sustainable Web Design (with Wholegrain Digital, Mightybytes, The Green Web Foundation) CC BY-SA 4.0 (open methodology) 2020 superseded by v4 (2024); retained for legacy comparison Read & cite only share-alike — viral over derived results, not redistributable
The carbon footprint of streaming video: fact-checking the headlines IEA_STREAMING_FOOTPRINT_2020 The reference rebuttal to the Shift Project (2019) 0.9 kWh/GB incremental figure. Supplies two distinct primitives used here: (1) mobile (4G) network transmission intensity 0.1-0.2 kWh/GB, and (2) Netflix bitrate-derived data volumes per viewing hour (SD 0.7, HD 3, UHD/4K 7 GB/h; mobile-adaptive 0.25; global average 1.9). IEA argues a data-based kWh/GB metric is "not appropriate for high-bitrate applications" and prefers a time-based (kWh/hour) basis — MB records the data-based coefficients because the consuming engine models data volume explicitly; the allocation debate is documented on /methodology/video-streaming-methodology/. Fixed-line network and data-centre intensities are NOT taken from here — those are the SWD v4 segment intensities already registered under SWD_MODEL_V4 (digital.web.swd.v4.*), reused rather than duplicated. International Energy Agency (IEA), Paris — commentary by George Kamiya IEA — (c) OECD/IEA; citation with attribution 2020 one-off commentary (2019 underlying data; not periodically revised) Read & cite only reviewed; upstream terms do not permit redistribution
2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (multi-volume: Vol 3 IPPU Ch 3 Chemical Industry + Ch 4 Metal Industry; Vol 4 AFOLU Ch 4 Forest Land + Ch 10 Livestock + Ch 11 N2O Soils & Lime/Urea) IPCC_2019_REFINEMENT IPCC 2019 Refinement IPCC © IPCC — personal, non-commercial use only (ipcc.ch/copyright); no redistribution grant found 2019 static (refinement; no scheduled revisions) Read & cite only NOT redistributable. No grant found: the Guidelines and Refinement pages (ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp, checked 2026-09-22) carry no licence of their own and link to ipcc.ch/copyright, which permits personal, non-commercial use 'without any right to resell or redistribute it' and requires written permission for any other use. The 'CC BY 4.0' / 'free use' recorded until v2026.201 had no source. Rows stay served and cited with chapter, table and page; withheld from the CSV download, /corpus and the mirrors. A permission request to the IPCC Secretary is the route back – FOLLOWUPS.
Ecodesign & Energy Labelling requirements for household dishwashers EU_ECODESIGN_DISHWASHER_2019 Eco-programme energy (EPEC, kWh/cycle) + water (EPWC, L/cycle) consumption and rated place-setting capacity for household dishwashers. Basis for reusable_vs_single_use.reference.dishwasher.*. European Commission (Commission Regulation (EU) 2019/2022; Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/2017) EU law (freely available via EUR-Lex) 2019 periodic regulatory review Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
IPCC 2019 Refinement Vol 4 Ch 10 — Livestock and Manure (Tier 1 defaults) IPCC_TIER1 IPCC 2019 Refinement IPCC © IPCC — personal, non-commercial use only (ipcc.ch/copyright); no redistribution grant found 2019 stable until next refinement (AR7 cycle ~2028) Read & cite only NOT redistributable. No grant found: the Guidelines and Refinement pages (ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp, checked 2026-09-22) carry no licence of their own and link to ipcc.ch/copyright, which permits personal, non-commercial use 'without any right to resell or redistribute it' and requires written permission for any other use. The 'CC BY 4.0' / 'free use' recorded until v2026.201 had no source. Rows stay served and cited with chapter, table and page; withheld from the CSV download, /corpus and the mirrors. A permission request to the IPCC Secretary is the route back – FOLLOWUPS.
IPCC 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines Vol 2 Ch 4 IPCC_2019_REFINEMENT_v1 IPCC 2019 Refinement IPCC © IPCC — personal, non-commercial use only (ipcc.ch/copyright); no redistribution grant found 2019 stable until next refinement Read & cite only NOT redistributable. No grant found: the Guidelines and Refinement pages (ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp, checked 2026-09-22) carry no licence of their own and link to ipcc.ch/copyright, which permits personal, non-commercial use 'without any right to resell or redistribute it' and requires written permission for any other use. The 'CC BY 4.0' / 'free use' recorded until v2026.201 had no source. Rows stay served and cited with chapter, table and page; withheld from the CSV download, /corpus and the mirrors. A permission request to the IPCC Secretary is the route back – FOLLOWUPS.
Inventory of Carbon and Energy v3.0 (RETIRED — commercial-use licence withdrawn 2026) ICE_DB Superseded ICE Database University of Bath / Circular Ecology CC BY 4.0 — commercial use no longer permitted under updated terms 2019 retired Read & cite only CC BY 4.0 superseded — publisher revised terms to forbid commercial use; not redistributable
Life Cycle Assessment / Product Carbon Footprint — Dell EMC PowerEdge R740 DELL_R740_LCA_2019 Full life-cycle assessment of the Dell EMC PowerEdge R740 dual-socket rack server. Manufacturing-phase GWP ~1,313 kg CO2e = 15.2% of an 8,640 kg CO2e estimated total lifecycle (4-year EU use, standard config). NAND-flash SSDs dominate the manufacturing footprint (a high-storage config pushes embodied several-fold higher). Most-cited single-server embodied anchor; basis for the Teads (2021) AWS embodied dataset and Cloud Carbon Footprint. High reported uncertainty band — treat as a typical-node bandlimit, not a precise hardware value. Dell Technologies (LCA conducted by thinkstep / Sphera) Dell Technologies © — fair-use citation for methodology and published carbon-footprint figures 2019 point-in-time product LCA (2019); not periodically refreshed Read & cite only proprietary or paid licence — cited under fair use, not redistributable
Lithium-Ion Vehicle Battery Production – status 2019 (report C444) IVL_BATTERY_LCA_2019 Foundational battery-manufacturing range: 61-106 kg CO2e/kWh for NMC (up to 146 with less-transparent data), revised down from the 2017 IVL 150-200 estimate. Underpins the ICCT and T&E figures; carried as the high-end bound of the calculator confidence band. Erik Emilsson & Lisbeth Dahllof – IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, 2019 IVL (c) – fair-use citation for published figures 2019 status report (2019); revises the 2017 IVL estimate Read & cite only proprietary or paid licence — cited under fair use, not redistributable
Assessment of methane emissions from the U.S. oil and gas supply chain ALVAREZ_2018_SCIENCE Backs gas_supply_chain_methane.usa.alvarez_2018.*. Read from the PMC author manuscript. Copy in ~/gc-sources/gas/. R. A. Alvarez, D. Zavala-Araiza, D. R. Lyon et al., Science 361(6398):186-188, 2018, doi:10.1126/science.aar7204 (author manuscript in PMC, PMC6223263) © AAAS — subscription article; author manuscript free to read in PubMed Central; fair-use citation of published values 2018 static (2018 study, 2015 emissions) Read & cite only NOT redistributable. Journal copyright; values cited as published findings only
EU Directive 2018/851 — Extended Producer Responsibility EU_EPR_DIRECTIVE Superseded European Commission EU Official Journal — free use with attribution 2018 retired Redistributable EU Official Journal — Commission reuse policy permits redistribution with attribution
Heat Roadmap Europe 4 (HRE4) — quantifying the impact of low-carbon heating and cooling roadmaps for 14 EU countries HRE4_HEAT_ROADMAP_2018 Phase 12c (2026-05-21): registered as methodology pointer for scenario-pathway analysis of EU heating & cooling decarbonisation. HRE4 publishes per-country 2050 scenario deliverables (BL 2015 / BL 2050 / CD 2050 / HRE 2050) for 14 EU countries (Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, UK). Headline finding: HRE 2050 deep-decarbonisation scenario achieves 86 percent EU CO2 reduction vs 1990 via deep renovation + DH expansion + heat pumps + excess heat utilisation. NOT used as factor data source — modelled scenarios are research-grade not regulator-grade; calculator-grade values come from EUROSTAT (see district_heating.<iso3>.eurostat.renewable_share rows). HRE4 is most useful for policy-pathway sensitivity analysis, sector-wide 2050 endpoints, and cross-country comparison. Original PDFs available at heatroadmap.eu under EU public research portal terms. Aalborg University (Paardekooper et al.) + 24-partner consortium; EU Horizon 2020 grant 695989 CC BY 4.0 — EU Horizon 2020 research deliverable D6.4 2018 project completed 2019; supplanted by Heat Roadmap Europe 5 follow-on (HRE5) Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
ISO 14067:2018 Carbon footprint of products ISO_14067_2018 ISO 14067 International Organization for Standardization Paid licence 2018 periodic ISO review Read & cite only proprietary or paid licence — cited under fair use, not redistributable
Life Expectancy of Building Components (BCIS / RICS) BCIS_LEBC Surveyed component reference service lives (RSL) used for Module B2-B5 replacement counting over the 60-year study period (replacements = ceil(study_period / RSL) – 1). Values stored in materials.lca.service_life.* as range midpoints with the published low/high in factor.uncertainty. Aligns with RICS WLCA 2nd ed Table 12. Building Cost Information Service (BCIS), part of RICS BCIS subscription — reference by citation only 2018 periodic surveys Read & cite only reviewed; upstream terms do not permit redistribution
Reducing food's environmental impacts through producers and consumers POORE_NEMECEK_2018 Poore & Nemecek 2018 Phase 55 (2026-06-22): registered for the food.benchmark_pcf.* literature context rows. Production-weighted GLOBAL median GHG per kg of product, cradle-to-RETAIL — a DIFFERENT system boundary from the Sector PCF Food calculator (cradle-to-farm-gate), so the benchmarks are context/sanity-check only and are never auto-compared to the tool's computed number. Values as tabulated by Our World in Data ("Carbon footprint of food"). J. Poore & T. Nemecek, Science 360(6392):987-992 Science/AAAS — citation with attribution; dataset openly tabulated by Our World in Data 2018 static (2018 meta-analysis of ~570 studies / 38,700 farms) Read & cite only reviewed; upstream terms do not permit redistribution
Singapore Carbon Pricing Act 2018 SG_CARBON_TAX_ACT Registered SG Carbon Tax Singapore National Environment Agency Singapore public record 2018 rate schedule through 2030 Redistributable Singapore public record — statutory text, no redistribution restriction
UK Streamlined Energy & Carbon Reporting (SECR) — Companies (Directors' Report) and Limited Liability Partnerships (Energy and Carbon Report) Regulations 2018; "large" qualifying-size thresholds per Companies Act 2006 ss.465–466 as amended by SI 2024/1303 (effective FYs beginning on/after 6 April 2025) UK_SECR_2018 UK SECR UK Government (DESNZ / Companies House) Open Government Licence v3.0 2018 Monetary thresholds uplifted by SI 2024/1303 for FYs from 6 April 2025; review when Companies Act size thresholds next change Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
GHG Protocol ICT Sector Guidance — Information and Communication Technology GHGP_ICT_SECTOR_2017 WRI / Carbon Trust CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 2017 periodic (next revision under consideration in Carbon Trust ICT Sector Practitioner programme) Read & cite only share-alike — viral over derived results, not redistributable
TCFD Final Recommendations (June 2017) + 2021 Implementing Annex — sunset October 2024 with monitoring transferred to IFRS Foundation / ISSB; cited in MB as legacy crossref to IFRS S2 TCFD_2017 TCFD Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (Financial Stability Board) — framework sunset Oct 2024 Available with attribution 2017 framework sunset 2024 — superseded by IFRS S2 Read & cite only reviewed; upstream terms do not permit redistribution
Urban, Roth, Singh & Howes — Energy Consumption of Consumer Electronics in U.S. Homes in 2017 (Fraunhofer USA CSE, final report to the Consumer Technology Association) URBAN_CTA_2017 Bottom-up study of 3.4 billion consumer-electronic devices in US homes, 143 TWh in 2017 (~10% of US residential electricity). 92pp, December 2017, by Bryan Urban, Kurt Roth, Mahendra Singh and Duncan Howes. Power draw is built from ENERGY STAR databases + the CE Usage Survey, weighted by unit-sales vintage across the installed base. MB reads two tables: ★ Table 4-6 "Power draw by mode (W) for the installed base of desktop and portable computers" — the Wtd. Avg. row, HIGH-ACTIVE column (tower desktop 87, all-in-one 81, portable 22); ★ Table 5-4 "Power draw for the installed base of monitors" — TOTAL/AVG, ACT column (31). ★★ CITATION TRAP — THIS REPORT IS THE "SINGH ET AL. 2019" OF THE STREAMING LITERATURE. The Carbon Trust (2021) video-streaming white paper cites "Singh et al., 2019" in Table 10 for laptop 22 W and desktop 115 W; its own reference list resolves that short-cite as "Urban, B., Roth, K., Singh, M. and Howes, D. 2019, 'Residential Consumer Electronics Energy Consumption in the United States in 2017'", linking to researchgate.net/publication/335911295. So the FIRST AUTHOR IS URBAN — "Singh et al." is Carbon Trust short-citing by the THIRD author, and Digst footnote 25 ("Gennemsnit for laptop og desktop jf. Singh et al., 2019") inherited that error, and MB inherited it from Digst. Anyone re-deriving provenance here will meet "Singh et al. 2019" and "Urban et al. 2017" and assume they are rival citations: THEY ARE THE SAME AUTHOR TEAM AND THE SAME 2017 US DATASET. ★★ "CARBON TRUST" IS NOT PART OF THIS CITATION. The commissioning body is the CONSUMER TECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATION (CTA); the string "Carbon Trust" appears ZERO times in the 92-page report. MB rows carried a basis of "derived from Urban et al. 2017 Carbon Trust composite" until 2026-07-17 — a conflation of the CTA acronym with the (unrelated, UK) Carbon Trust, plus a "composite" that was never a composite. Corrected in v2026.58. ★ NOT THE SAME DOCUMENT as the 2019 ResearchGate posting (title "Residential Consumer Electronics Energy Consumption in the United States in 2017"), which is a separate, shorter publication of the same study by the same four authors, has no DOI and is indexed in neither Crossref nor OpenAlex, and is CAPTCHA-walled on ResearchGate — UNREAD as of 2026-07-17. The 2017 final report is cited here in preference because it is the document these four values were actually verified against, and because it is the only edition known to carry the tower-vs-all-in-one split at all. Fraunhofer USA Center for Sustainable Energy Systems Commissioned report — fair-use citation only. The report states it "may be reproduced only in its entirety" and redistributed only with CTA consent, so the PDF is NOT committed to handoffs/; cite by cell_ref. 2017 periodic (prior editions 2010, 2013; no successor as of 2026-07) Read & cite only proprietary or paid licence — cited under fair use, not redistributable
Energy Savings of Tier 2 Advanced Power Strips in Residential AV Systems (Emerging Technologies Program, Project ET13PGE1441), as tabulated in Johnson and Bradford (2017), Tier 2 Advanced Power Strips: Examining Energy Savings Potential in a New and Changing Market PGE_ET13PGE1441_TIER2_APS_2016 plug_loads.usa.aps.tier2_av.measured_savings_kwh.{ir,ir_os}. Values read from the 2017 white paper's Table 2, which cites PG&E 2016 p. 71; the PG&E report itself is not held. Table excerpt in handoffs/phase-115-plug-loads-power-strips/; the PDF is not stored. Pacific Gas and Electric Company, prepared by AESC (Valmiki and Corradini), February 2016; white paper by Dr Katherine Johnson (Johnson Consulting Group) and Dr Jim Bradford (Mesa Point Energy), 21 September 2017 Utility emerging technologies report; cited figures quoted with attribution 2016 static Read & cite only No open licence stated. Figures cited with attribution; NOT redistributable in bulk.
Home Idle Load: Devices Wasting Huge Amounts of Electricity When Not in Active Use (Issue Paper IP:15-03-A) NRDC_HOME_IDLE_LOAD_2015 plug_loads.usa.home_idle_load.*, plug_loads.usa.idle_w.*. Table excerpts in handoffs/phase-115-plug-loads-power-strips/; the PDF is not stored. Natural Resources Defense Council (Pierre Delforge; Lisa and Steve Schmidt, Home Energy Analytics), May 2015 NRDC copyright; cited figures quoted with attribution 2015 static Read & cite only NRDC copyright; no open licence stated. Figures cited with attribution; NOT redistributable in bulk.
Tier 2 Advanced Power Strips in Residential and Commercial Applications (Emerging Technologies Program, Projects ET14SDG8021 and ET14SDG8031) SDGE_ET14SDG8021_TIER2_APS_2015 plug_loads.usa.aps.tier2_av.{baseline_kwh,simulated_savings_kwh}, plug_loads.usa.aps.tier1.{res_av,res_pc}_savings_kwh. San Diego Gas & Electric, prepared by Alternative Energy Systems Consulting (AESC), April 2015 Utility emerging technologies report (ratepayer funded); cited figures quoted with attribution 2015 static Read & cite only No open licence stated. Figures cited with attribution; NOT redistributable in bulk.
Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change (AR5 WG3) – Annex III: Technology-specific Cost and Performance Parameters IPCC_AR5_WG3_ANNEX_III IPCC AR5 Primary lifecycle-intensity comparator for renewable_generation.*. Table A.III.2 harmonised lifecycle GHG emissions (gCO2eq/kWh, min/median/max): Solar PV rooftop 26/41/60, Solar PV utility 18/48/180, Wind onshore 7.0/11/56, Wind offshore 8.0/12/35, Hydropower 1.0/24/2200, Nuclear 3.7/12/110, Geothermal 6.0/38/79, CSP 8.8/27/63, Gas CCGT 410/490/650, Coal PC 740/820/910. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Fifth Assessment Report, Working Group III, 2014 IPCC (c) – fair-use citation of published Table A.III.2 lifecycle emission factors 2014 per IPCC assessment cycle (AR5 2014; AR6 WG3 2022 does not republish this harmonised table) Read & cite only proprietary or paid licence — cited under fair use, not redistributable
Does Information Feedback from In-Home Devices Reduce Electricity Use? Evidence from a Field Experiment (NBER Working Paper 20809) NBER_W20809_ATTARI_2014 energy_feedback.attari_2014.*, energy_feedback.houde_2013.* (Houde et al. 2013 as cited in this paper). National Bureau of Economic Research (Shahzeen Z. Attari, Gautam Gowrisankaran, Troy Simpson, Sabine M. Marx), December 2014 Authors' copyright; cited figures quoted with attribution 2014 static Read & cite only Authors' copyright; figures cited with attribution; NOT redistributable in bulk.
IPCC AR5 Working Group III, Annex III: Technology-specific Cost and Performance Parameters IPCC_AR5_WGIII_ANNEX_III Backs electricity_lifecycle.ipcc_ar5.<tech>.{min,median,max} (17 technologies x 3). Copy in ~/gc-sources/lca-electricity/. IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, Working Group III (Mitigation of Climate Change), Annex III, Schlömer et al. 2014; Table A.III.2 Emissions of selected electricity supply technologies © IPCC — personal, non-commercial use only (ipcc.ch/copyright); fair-use citation of published table values 2014 IPCC assessment cycle (AR5 published 2014) Read & cite only NOT redistributable. IPCC copyright terms allow personal, non-commercial use without a right to redistribute; values cited as published facts only
2013 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Wetlands IPCC_2013_WETLANDS_SUPPLEMENT IPCC © IPCC — personal, non-commercial use only (ipcc.ch/copyright); no redistribution grant found 2013 static (supplement; no scheduled revisions) Read & cite only NOT redistributable. No grant found: the Guidelines and Refinement pages (ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp, checked 2026-09-22) carry no licence of their own and link to ipcc.ch/copyright, which permits personal, non-commercial use 'without any right to resell or redistribute it' and requires written permission for any other use. The 'CC BY 4.0' / 'free use' recorded until v2026.201 had no source. Rows stay served and cited with chapter, table and page; withheld from the CSV download, /corpus and the mirrors. A permission request to the IPCC Secretary is the route back – FOLLOWUPS.
ASHRAE District Cooling Guide (2013) — comprehensive design guide for district cooling systems ASHRAE_DC_GUIDE_2013 Phase 12d (2026-05-21): registered as methodology source for district_cooling.* operating-plant benchmarks. ASHRAE Appendix A documents three named systems (Business Bay Executive Towers Dubai, Texas Medical Center Houston, District Energy St. Paul Minnesota) with system performance metrics. Calculator consumers should use these as sanity-check benchmarks for plant efficiency (kW/ton, COP) and refrigerant/chiller assumptions in district-cooling Scope-2 calculations. ASHRAE — American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (lead author Gary Phetteplace) ASHRAE © 2013, all rights reserved — fair-use citation for methodology and named case studies only; factor tables NOT redistributable 2013 periodic editions Read & cite only proprietary or paid licence — cited under fair use, not redistributable
IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) WGI IPCC_AR5_WGI Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC (c) – fair-use citation of published Table 8.A.1 GWP values 2013 superseded assessment – archival reference (AR5 2013); values are frozen Read & cite only IPCC copyright terms (ipcc.ch/copyright, read 2026-09-22): material may be copied for personal, non-commercial use 'without any right to resell or redistribute it'; a limited number of figures or short excerpts may be reproduced with acknowledgement; any other use requires written permission. Cited under fair use with attribution; NOT redistributable. Holds the 35 gwp.*.ar5_100 rows, which until v2026.213 cited IPCC_AR6 (AR6 Table 7.SM.7 carries no AR5 values).
Photovoltaic Degradation Rates – An Analytical Review NREL_PV_DEGRADATION_JORDAN_KURTZ Degradation-rate basis for renewable_generation.reference.degradation_pct.*. ~2000 measured degradation rates, median 0.5%/yr (mean ~0.8%), distribution ~0.2-1.0%/yr by technology/climate. Dirk C. Jordan & Sarah R. Kurtz – National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Progress in Photovoltaics, 2013 (rev.) NREL / public domain (US government work) 2013 foundational review; corroborated by later NREL compendia Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
Advanced Power Strips Deemed Savings Methodology NEEP_APS_DEEMED_SAVINGS_2012 plug_loads.usa.aps.tier1.neep_deemed_kwh.*, plug_loads.usa.aps.self_consumption_w_max. Hosted copy on e3tnw.org; summarised at neep.org/archive/advanced-power-strips. Northeast Energy Efficiency Partnerships (NEEP) Data Working Group, January 2012 (report dated 30 April 2012) NEEP publication; cited figures quoted with attribution 2012 static Read & cite only No open licence stated. Figures cited with attribution; NOT redistributable in bulk.
GPG-003 Findings: Advanced Power Strips for Plug Load Control GSA_GPG003_APS_2012 plug_loads.usa.office.schedule_timer_saving_pct.*. Full NREL report: Plug-Load Control and Behavioral Change Research in GSA Office Buildings (October 2012). US General Services Administration, Green Proving Ground program, with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, September 2012 Public domain (US government work) 2012 static Redistributable US government work, public domain — redistributable with attribution
Results from Recent Real-Time Feedback Studies (Report B122) ACEEE_B122_REALTIME_FEEDBACK_2012 energy_feedback.aceee_2012.*. American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (Ben Foster, Susan Mazur-Stommen), February 2012 ACEEE copyright; cited figures quoted with attribution 2012 static Read & cite only ACEEE copyright; figures cited with attribution; NOT redistributable in bulk.
EN 15978:2011 Sustainability of construction works — Assessment of environmental performance of buildings — Calculation method EN_15978_2011 EN 15978 CEN — European Committee for Standardization (TC 350) Paid licence (BSI / DIN / AFNOR); referenced for methodology — stage definitions reproduced as framework metadata under fair-use citation 2011 periodic CEN review (revision in progress, expected EN 15978:2026) Read & cite only proprietary or paid licence — cited under fair use, not redistributable
GHG Protocol Product Life Cycle Accounting and Reporting Standard (2011) GHG_PROTOCOL_PRODUCT_2011 GHG Protocol Product WRI / WBCSD Available with attribution (CC BY 4.0 equivalent for non-commercial use) 2011 periodic (next revision under development in joint WRI/WBCSD update programme) Read & cite only non-commercial licence — not redistributable by a paid product
Inventory of Carbon & Energy (ICE) Version 2.0 — open 2011 release (Hammond & Jones, University of Bath) ICE_V2_2011 ICE Database Prof. Geoff Hammond & Craig Jones, Sustainable Energy Research Team (SERT), University of Bath Freely distributed 2011 open release (the open ICE v2.0; distinct from the withdrawn commercial ICE DB v3/v4) 2011 superseded by commercial v3/v4 (open v2.0 used here only for non-binder concrete constituents not in OEKOBAUDAT offline) Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
PAS 2050:2011 — Specification for the assessment of the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of goods and services PAS_2050_2011 BSI Group Paid licence (BSI); cited as framework reference only — clause numbers reproduced under fair-use 2011 periodic BSI review; effectively superseded by ISO 14067:2018 for international use Read & cite only proprietary or paid licence — cited under fair use, not redistributable
WRAP Net Waste Tool — construction material wastage rates (baseline / good practice) WRAP_NWT Origin dataset behind RICS WLCA Table 10 material waste rates. The Net Waste Tool covered ~6,000 components; the tool itself is retired. Ready-mixed concrete site wastage ~1-2% actual vs 5% conservative; blocks/masonry ~5% on site (up to ~20% gross incl. delivery, MPA Masonry desk study 2023); timber 3-5%; plasterboard 5-8%. Used as Module A5 wastage uplift in materials.lca.wastage.*. WRAP (Waste and Resources Action Programme) Open (WRAP guidance) 2011 retired tool (archived figures) Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
10 CFR 430.32 Energy and water conservation standards, 2010 edition (refrigerator standards effective 1993 and 2001) CFR_10_430_32_2010 refrigerators.usa.federal_limit.{1993,2001}.*. Excerpt in handoffs/phase-121-fridge/. US Department of Energy, Code of Federal Regulations (annual edition, govinfo) US federal regulation, public domain 2010 static (historical edition) Redistributable US federal regulation text is public domain
Advanced Metering Initiatives and Residential Feedback Programs: A Meta-Review for Household Electricity-Saving Opportunities (Report E105) ACEEE_E105_FEEDBACK_2010 energy_feedback.aceee_2010.*. Table excerpts in handoffs/phase-117-home-energy-feedback/; the PDF is not stored. American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (Karen Ehrhardt-Martinez, Kat A. Donnelly, John A. Laitner), June 2010 ACEEE copyright; cited figures quoted with attribution 2010 static Read & cite only ACEEE copyright; figures cited with attribution; NOT redistributable in bulk.
CIBSE TM46: 2008 – Energy Benchmarks (Table 1, typical benchmarks) CIBSE_TM46_2008 CIBSE TM46 Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) CIBSE publication (2008); benchmarks are the basis of the UK statutory Display Energy Certificate operational ratings 2008 static Read & cite only reviewed; upstream terms do not permit redistribution
SPECpower_ssj2008 — server power-and-performance benchmark with full published results SPECPOWER_SSJ2008 SPECpower_ssj2008 workload calibrates ssj_ops at 100, 90, 80, …, 10, idle. Full result set covers >700 servers across 2007–present. Aggregated rows shipped here characterise typical idle and 100%-load watts per CPU-generation cohort; consumers should treat these as bandlimits, not specific hardware values. Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC) SPEC fair-use citation; full results free for non-commercial reference 2008 continuous result submission (current published results 2007–present) Read & cite only non-commercial licence — not redistributable by a paid product
IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) WGI IPCC_AR4 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC (c) – fair-use citation of published Table 2.14 GWP values 2007 superseded assessment – archival reference (AR4 2007); values are frozen Read & cite only IPCC copyright terms (ipcc.ch/copyright, read 2026-09-22): material may be copied for personal, non-commercial use 'without any right to resell or redistribute it'; a limited number of figures or short excerpts may be reproduced with acknowledgement; any other use requires written permission. Cited under fair use with attribution; NOT redistributable. 31 gwp.*.ar4_100 rows leave /corpus and the GWP page CSV. The flag was true beside a fair-use basis from v2026.139; corrected v2026.200. NOTE: the other IPCC entries record CC BY 4.0 without a citation – FOLLOWUPS, priority.
Allocation of GHG Emissions from a Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Plant — Guide to calculation worksheets GHGP_CHP_2006 Phase 51 (2026-06-19): registered for the chp.* rows feeding the Scope 1+2 CHP/Cogeneration calculator. Defines the EFFICIENCY METHOD (the document's preferred allocation method): heat share E_H = (H/e_H) / [(H/e_H) + (P/e_P)] x E_T; electricity share E_P = E_T – E_H. Recommended US default assumed efficiencies of SEPARATE production: 35% electricity (e_P), 80% heat (e_H), both net-calorific-value (LHV) basis. Worked example (p.9-10): 5,000 GJ(LHV) fuel -> E_T 370,500 kg CO2 -> E_H 315,392 / E_P 55,108 kg CO2. Advisory energy-balance check: H/e_H + P/e_P must not exceed actual fuel input. Also defines energy-content and work-potential (enthalpy/entropy) methods. Scope routing: purchased CHP heat/electricity = Scope 2; for resale = Scope 3; sale of own-generated energy NOT netted from Scope 1. World Resources Institute / WBCSD — GHG Protocol Initiative GHG Protocol Initiative — free use with attribution 2006 static (v1.0, September 2006; no superseding edition published) Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable
IPCC 2006 Guidelines Vol 3 — IPPU IPCC_2006_VOL3 IPCC 2006 Vol 3 IPPU IPCC © IPCC — personal, non-commercial use only (ipcc.ch/copyright); no redistribution grant found 2006 refinements periodic Read & cite only NOT redistributable. No grant found: the Guidelines and Refinement pages (ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp, checked 2026-09-22) carry no licence of their own and link to ipcc.ch/copyright, which permits personal, non-commercial use 'without any right to resell or redistribute it' and requires written permission for any other use. The 'CC BY 4.0' / 'free use' recorded until v2026.201 had no source. Rows stay served and cited with chapter, table and page; withheld from the CSV download, /corpus and the mirrors. A permission request to the IPCC Secretary is the route back – FOLLOWUPS.
IPCC 2006 Guidelines Vol 4 — Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use IPCC_2006_VOL4 IPCC 2006 Guidelines IPCC © IPCC — personal, non-commercial use only (ipcc.ch/copyright); no redistribution grant found 2006 refinements periodic (2019 Refinement supersedes Ch 10/11) Read & cite only NOT redistributable. No grant found: the Guidelines and Refinement pages (ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp, checked 2026-09-22) carry no licence of their own and link to ipcc.ch/copyright, which permits personal, non-commercial use 'without any right to resell or redistribute it' and requires written permission for any other use. The 'CC BY 4.0' / 'free use' recorded until v2026.201 had no source. Rows stay served and cited with chapter, table and page; withheld from the CSV download, /corpus and the mirrors. A permission request to the IPCC Secretary is the route back – FOLLOWUPS.
IPCC 2006 Guidelines Vol 5 — Waste IPCC_WASTE_2006_VOL5 IPCC 2006 Guidelines IPCC © IPCC — personal, non-commercial use only (ipcc.ch/copyright); no redistribution grant found 2006 refinements periodic Read & cite only NOT redistributable. No grant found: the Guidelines and Refinement pages (ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp, checked 2026-09-22) carry no licence of their own and link to ipcc.ch/copyright, which permits personal, non-commercial use 'without any right to resell or redistribute it' and requires written permission for any other use. The 'CC BY 4.0' / 'free use' recorded until v2026.201 had no source. Rows stay served and cited with chapter, table and page; withheld from the CSV download, /corpus and the mirrors. A permission request to the IPCC Secretary is the route back – FOLLOWUPS.
IPCC 2006 Guidelines for National GHG Inventories, Volume 2 (Energy) IPCC_2006_GL_V2 IPCC 2006 Guidelines IPCC / IGES © IPCC — personal, non-commercial use only (ipcc.ch/copyright); no redistribution grant found 2006 stable; Vol 2 energy combustion defaults unchanged through the 2019 Refinement Read & cite only NOT redistributable. No grant found: the Guidelines and Refinement pages (ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp, checked 2026-09-22) carry no licence of their own and link to ipcc.ch/copyright, which permits personal, non-commercial use 'without any right to resell or redistribute it' and requires written permission for any other use. The 'CC BY 4.0' / 'free use' recorded until v2026.201 had no source. Rows stay served and cited with chapter, table and page; withheld from the CSV download, /corpus and the mirrors. A permission request to the IPCC Secretary is the route back – FOLLOWUPS.
ISO 14040:2006 Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Principles and framework ISO_14040_2006 ISO 14040 / 14044 International Organization for Standardization Paid licence (ISO); cited as framework reference only — clause numbers reproduced under fair-use 2006 periodic ISO review (current Amendment 1:2020) Read & cite only proprietary or paid licence — cited under fair use, not redistributable
ISO 14044:2006 Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Requirements and guidelines ISO_14044_2006 ISO 14040 / 14044 International Organization for Standardization Paid licence (ISO); cited as framework reference only — clause numbers reproduced under fair-use 2006 periodic ISO review (Amendments 1:2017 and 2:2020 incorporated) Read & cite only proprietary or paid licence — cited under fair use, not redistributable
The Effectiveness of Feedback on Energy Consumption: A Review for DEFRA of the Literature on Metering, Billing and Direct Displays DARBY_2006_FEEDBACK_REVIEW energy_feedback.darby_2006.*. Hosted copy on e3tnw.org. Sarah Darby, Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, for the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, April 2006 University of Oxford copyright; cited figures quoted with attribution 2006 static Read & cite only No open licence stated; figures cited with attribution; NOT redistributable in bulk.
10 CFR 430.32 Energy and water conservation standards, 1997 edition (refrigerator standards effective 1990 and 1993) CFR_10_430_32_1997 refrigerators.usa.federal_limit.1990.*. Excerpt in handoffs/phase-121-fridge/. US Department of Energy, Code of Federal Regulations (annual edition, govinfo) US federal regulation, public domain 1997 static (historical edition) Redistributable US federal regulation text is public domain
EPA AP-42 Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors EPA_AP_42 Superseded US EPA US Government public domain 1995 retired Redistributable US Government work — public domain, no copyright
NIST Chemistry WebBook SRD 69 – CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics NIST_CODATA National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) NIST Standard Reference Data – US Government work 1984 static (CODATA Review values; revised rarely) Redistributable open licence with attribution — redistributable

Retrieval dates are recorded per source and per factor row; the exact cell, table or clause or table each value came from travels with the value itself through the API. Superseded sources stay listed because a figure cited from an earlier release was cited from that release — removing it would break the audit trail for anyone holding a version pin.

How to read this table

Licence is the publisher’s own terms as written, not a category we assigned. There are 122 distinct licence strings across the registry, because publishers do not agree on wording and flattening them into three buckets would lose the part that matters.

Redistribution is the practical consequence of those terms. Redistributable means the licence permits us to pass the values on, which is why they appear in the bulk corpus feed. What that distinction means in practice, and which well-known databases fall on the wrong side of it, is set out in the 2026 emission factor database landscape. Read & cite only means you can look the value up and cite it here, but we cannot hand you a copy — and the bulk feed excludes those rather than pretending otherwise.

Updates is the publisher’s cadence, not ours. An annual source republished each June is a different maintenance problem from one that has not moved since 1995, and knowing which is which is part of judging whether a factor is still current.

Citing a source

Cite the underlying publication, not us. Each factor returned by the API carries its source.id, the exact cell or table reference it was read from, and the date we retrieved it — so a reader can go to the publisher and find the same number. Our version stamp tells you which release you read it from; the source tells you where it came from.

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