Data centres & digital
Carbon and efficiency standards for data centres, software and digital services — PUE, ASHRAE, ISO/IEC 30134 and the SWD model.
ASHRAE 90.4 Energy Standard for Data CentersASHRAE 90.4 explained: how the MLC and ELC compliance metrics work, the climate-zone maximums, the tradeoff path…ASHRAE TC 9.9 Thermal Guidelines for Data CentersASHRAE TC 9.9 explained: the recommended 18–27°C server-inlet envelope, allowable Classes A1–A4, and the W-classes…Cambridge Bitcoin Electricity Consumption Index (CBECI)Cambridge Bitcoin Electricity Consumption Index (CBECI) explained: how it estimates Bitcoin's ~175 TWh/yr power…Crypto Carbon Ratings Institute & Ethereum Proof-of-StakeEthereum's switch to proof-of-stake cut its energy use 99.988%.ISO/IEC 21031 Software Carbon IntensitySoftware Carbon Intensity (ISO/IEC 21031): SCI = (E×I+M)/R — a rate you improve, not a total you offset.ISO/IEC 22237 & EN 50600 Data Centre Design StandardISO/IEC 22237 and EN 50600 explained: the data-centre design family for power, cooling, cabling and security…ISO/IEC 30134 Data Centre KPIsThe ISO/IEC 30134 data-centre KPI series explained: its nine parts, infrastructure vs IT-equipment metrics, and the…ISO/IEC 30134-2: The PUE StandardPUE explained: the total facility ÷ IT energy formula, benchmarks (~1.1 hyperscale vs ~1.5 global), EU EED rules…ML CO2 Impact CalculatorML CO2 Impact Calculator explained: the four-input model, its grid dataset, what it excludes (embodied, inference)…Sustainable Web Design ModelSustainable Web Design Model v4 explained: the per-page-view emissions formula, three segments, embodied vs…
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