Employee Commuting Emission Factors
27 emission factors held in the GreenCalculus MasterBrain, drawn from 1 named source, listed with its publisher and licence under Sources below. Values are read live from the data layer on every page build, so nothing here is re-typed and nothing can drift from the figures the calculators use. They span 3 units of measurement — 16 of them in kg CO2e per km — which is why the spread below is reported per unit and never blended. The count includes 3 homeworking factors, a family too small to warrant a page of its own and published nowhere else.
Where these factors are used
Employee Commuting and Homeworking Emissions sets out how factors in this group are applied, and Scope 3 Cat 7 Employee Commuting & Work-From-Home Calculator and Office Carbon Footprint Calculator draw on them directly. Each value below names the upstream source it came from.
What this group contains
| Measure | Value |
|---|---|
| Factors | 27 |
| Publishers | 1 |
| Distinct units | 3 |
| Data version | MasterBrain v2026.284 · updated 2026-11-06 |
| Unit | Factors | Lowest | Median | Highest |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| kg CO2e per km | 16 | 0.08319 | 0.14292 | 0.26606 |
| kg CO2e per passenger.km | 8 | 0.01135 | 0.0352 | 0.12552 |
| kg CO2e per FTE working hour | 3 | 0.02159 | 0.30234 | 0.32393 |
Figures are computed per unit and never blended: a median across different units would be arithmetically valid and physically meaningless.
What has changed
| Factor | Was | Now | Change | Edition |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DEFRA homeworking (Office Equipment, UK) — kgCO2e per FTE working hour | 0.03144 | 0.02159 | -31.3% | MasterBrain v2026.4 · 2026-06-18 |
| DEFRA homeworking (Homeworking (office equipment + heating), UK) — kgCO2e per FTE working hour | 0.33378 | 0.32393 | -3.0% | MasterBrain v2026.4 · 2026-06-18 |
| DEFRA-derived employee commuting rail (Light rail and tram) — kgCO2e per passenger.km | 0.0286 | 0.02121 | -25.8% | MasterBrain v2026.2 · 2026-06-18 |
| DEFRA-derived employee commuting bus (Average local bus) — kgCO2e per passenger.km | 0.10385 | 0.10151 | -2.3% | MasterBrain v2026.2 · 2026-06-18 |
| DEFRA-derived employee commuting bus (Local bus (not London)) — kgCO2e per passenger.km | 0.12525 | 0.12552 | +0.2% | MasterBrain v2026.2 · 2026-06-18 |
| DEFRA-derived employee commuting rail (International rail) — kgCO2e per passenger.km | 0.00446 | 0.01135 | +154.5% | MasterBrain v2026.1 · 2026-06-18 |
| DEFRA-derived employee commuting rail (London Underground) — kgCO2e per passenger.km | 0.0278 | 0.01549 | -44.3% | MasterBrain v2026.1 · 2026-06-18 |
| DEFRA-derived employee commuting bus (Coach) — kgCO2e per passenger.km | 0.02776 | 0.03948 | +42.2% | MasterBrain v2026.1 · 2026-06-18 |
| DEFRA-derived employee commuting rail (National rail) — kgCO2e per passenger.km | 0.03546 | 0.03092 | -12.8% | MasterBrain v2026.1 · 2026-06-18 |
| DEFRA-derived employee commuting bus (Local London bus) — kgCO2e per passenger.km | 0.06875 | 0.0636 | -7.5% | MasterBrain v2026.1 · 2026-06-18 |
| DEFRA-derived employee commuting car (Large car, hybrid) — kgCO2e per km | 0.1565 | 0.15846 | +1.3% | MasterBrain v2026.1 · 2026-06-18 |
| DEFRA-derived employee commuting car (Average car, hybrid) — kgCO2e per km | 0.12825 | 0.12961 | +1.1% | MasterBrain v2026.1 · 2026-06-18 |
| DEFRA-derived employee commuting car (Large car, petrol) — kgCO2e per km | 0.26828 | 0.26606 | -0.8% | MasterBrain v2026.1 · 2026-06-18 |
| DEFRA-derived employee commuting car (Average car, petrol) — kgCO2e per km | 0.16272 | 0.16152 | -0.7% | MasterBrain v2026.1 · 2026-06-18 |
| DEFRA-derived employee commuting car (Large car, diesel) — kgCO2e per km | 0.21007 | 0.20905 | -0.5% | MasterBrain v2026.1 · 2026-06-18 |
| DEFRA-derived employee commuting car (Medium car, hybrid) — kgCO2e per km | 0.11724 | 0.11678 | -0.4% | MasterBrain v2026.1 · 2026-06-18 |
| DEFRA-derived employee commuting car (Medium car, petrol) — kgCO2e per km | 0.17474 | 0.17411 | -0.4% | MasterBrain v2026.1 · 2026-06-18 |
| DEFRA-derived employee commuting car (Small car, petrol) — kgCO2e per km | 0.14308 | 0.14257 | -0.4% | MasterBrain v2026.1 · 2026-06-18 |
| DEFRA-derived employee commuting car (Small car, hybrid) — kgCO2e per km | 0.11413 | 0.1138 | -0.3% | MasterBrain v2026.1 · 2026-06-18 |
| DEFRA-derived employee commuting car (Average car, diesel) — kgCO2e per km | 0.17304 | 0.17265 | -0.2% | MasterBrain v2026.1 · 2026-06-18 |
| DEFRA-derived employee commuting car (Medium car, diesel) — kgCO2e per km | 0.17174 | 0.17209 | +0.2% | MasterBrain v2026.1 · 2026-06-18 |
| DEFRA-derived employee commuting car (Small car, diesel) — kgCO2e per km | 0.1434 | 0.14327 | -0.1% | MasterBrain v2026.1 · 2026-06-18 |
Change history is reconstructed from every released edition of the data layer, v2025.13 to v2026.107. A factor absent from this table has held the same value throughout. A change shown as a dash moved off zero, where a percentage has no meaning.
Sources, citation & machine access
| Source | Publisher | Year | Licence |
|---|---|---|---|
| UK Government GHG Conversion Factors 2026 | Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ) | 2026 | Open Government Licence v3.0 |
Cite the upstream publisher for the values themselves. The reference below credits this compilation and, more usefully, pins the edition you read.
GreenCalculus. (2026). Employee Commuting Emission Factors (MasterBrain v2026.284). Numbers Publishing Pte. Ltd. https://greencalculus.com/factors/employee-commuting-emission-factors/
Cite this factor group
Values change between editions. Quoting the MasterBrain version is what lets a reader resolve the exact number you used. See the change record above for factors in this group that have moved.
For a reference manager, in BibTeX then RIS:
@misc{greencalculus_commuting_2026,
author = {{GreenCalculus}},
title = {Employee Commuting Emission Factors},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {GreenCalculus},
publisher = {Numbers Publishing Pte. Ltd.},
note = {MasterBrain v2026.284},
url = {https://greencalculus.com/factors/employee-commuting-emission-factors/}
}TY - DATA
AU - GreenCalculus
TI - Employee Commuting Emission Factors
PY - 2026
DB - GreenCalculus
PB - Numbers Publishing Pte. Ltd.
ET - MasterBrain v2026.284
UR - https://greencalculus.com/factors/employee-commuting-emission-factors/
ER - The factors on this page come from 2 sections of the open API, one address each. No key, no signup:
https://greencalculus.com/wp-json/greencalculus/v1/factors/commutinghttps://greencalculus.com/wp-json/greencalculus/v1/factors/homeworkingcurl -s "https://greencalculus.com/wp-json/greencalculus/v1/factors/commuting?limit=500"import requests
base = "https://greencalculus.com/wp-json/greencalculus/v1/factors/"
rows = []
for section in ["commuting", "homeworking"]:
rows += requests.get(base + section, params={"limit": 500}).json()["factors"]
print(len(rows), "rows across", 2, "sections")Or the same rows as a spreadsheet, with every factor's source, the edition it last changed in, and its own link:
https://greencalculus.com/wp-json/greencalculus/v1/factors-export?page=employee-commuting-emission-factorsBoth responses carry an X-GC-Version header, so a consumer can detect a new edition without diffing the payload. The CSV filename carries the edition too, so two downloads months apart do not collide.
All factors
| Factor | Value | Unit | Gas | Source | Last changed | Canonical key |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DEFRA-derived employee commuting bus (Coach) — kgCO2e per passenger.km | 0.03948 | kg CO2e per passenger.km | CO₂e | DEFRA_2026'Business travel- land'!D82 | v2026.1 | commuting.bus.coach |
| DEFRA-derived employee commuting bus (Average local bus) — kgCO2e per passenger.km | 0.10151 | kg CO2e per passenger.km | CO₂e | DEFRA_2026'Business travel- land'!D81 | v2026.2 | commuting.bus.local_average |
| DEFRA-derived employee commuting bus (Local London bus) — kgCO2e per passenger.km | 0.0636 | kg CO2e per passenger.km | CO₂e | DEFRA_2026'Business travel- land'!D80 | v2026.1 | commuting.bus.local_london |
| DEFRA-derived employee commuting bus (Local bus (not London)) — kgCO2e per passenger.km | 0.12552 | kg CO2e per passenger.km | CO₂e | DEFRA_2026'Business travel- land'!D79 | v2026.2 | commuting.bus.local_non_london |
| DEFRA-derived employee commuting car (Average car, diesel) — kgCO2e per km | 0.17265 | kg CO2e per km | CO₂e | DEFRA_2026'Passenger vehicles'!D54 | v2026.1 | commuting.car.size.average.diesel |
| DEFRA-derived employee commuting car (Average car, hybrid) — kgCO2e per km | 0.12961 | kg CO2e per km | CO₂e | DEFRA_2026'Passenger vehicles'!L54 | v2026.1 | commuting.car.size.average.hybrid |
| DEFRA-derived employee commuting car (Average car, petrol) — kgCO2e per km | 0.16152 | kg CO2e per km | CO₂e | DEFRA_2026'Passenger vehicles'!H54 | v2026.1 | commuting.car.size.average.petrol |
| DEFRA-derived employee commuting car (Large car, diesel) — kgCO2e per km | 0.20905 | kg CO2e per km | CO₂e | DEFRA_2026'Passenger vehicles'!D52 | v2026.1 | commuting.car.size.large.diesel |
| DEFRA-derived employee commuting car (Large car, hybrid) — kgCO2e per km | 0.15846 | kg CO2e per km | CO₂e | DEFRA_2026'Passenger vehicles'!L52 | v2026.1 | commuting.car.size.large.hybrid |
| DEFRA-derived employee commuting car (Large car, petrol) — kgCO2e per km | 0.26606 | kg CO2e per km | CO₂e | DEFRA_2026'Passenger vehicles'!H52 | v2026.1 | commuting.car.size.large.petrol |
| DEFRA-derived employee commuting car (Medium car, diesel) — kgCO2e per km | 0.17209 | kg CO2e per km | CO₂e | DEFRA_2026'Passenger vehicles'!D50 | v2026.1 | commuting.car.size.medium.diesel |
| DEFRA-derived employee commuting car (Medium car, hybrid) — kgCO2e per km | 0.11678 | kg CO2e per km | CO₂e | DEFRA_2026'Passenger vehicles'!L50 | v2026.1 | commuting.car.size.medium.hybrid |
| DEFRA-derived employee commuting car (Medium car, petrol) — kgCO2e per km | 0.17411 | kg CO2e per km | CO₂e | DEFRA_2026'Passenger vehicles'!H50 | v2026.1 | commuting.car.size.medium.petrol |
| DEFRA-derived employee commuting car (Small car, diesel) — kgCO2e per km | 0.14327 | kg CO2e per km | CO₂e | DEFRA_2026'Passenger vehicles'!D48 | v2026.1 | commuting.car.size.small.diesel |
| DEFRA-derived employee commuting car (Small car, hybrid) — kgCO2e per km | 0.1138 | kg CO2e per km | CO₂e | DEFRA_2026'Passenger vehicles'!L48 | v2026.1 | commuting.car.size.small.hybrid |
| DEFRA-derived employee commuting car (Small car, petrol) — kgCO2e per km | 0.14257 | kg CO2e per km | CO₂e | DEFRA_2026'Passenger vehicles'!H48 | v2026.1 | commuting.car.size.small.petrol |
| DEFRA-derived employee commuting motorbike (Average, petrol) — kgCO2e per km | 0.11367000000000001 | kg CO2e per km | CO₂e | DEFRA_2026'Passenger vehicles'!D66 | — | commuting.motorbike.average |
| DEFRA-derived employee commuting motorbike (Large, petrol) — kgCO2e per km | 0.13252 | kg CO2e per km | CO₂e | DEFRA_2026'Passenger vehicles'!D64 | — | commuting.motorbike.large |
| DEFRA-derived employee commuting motorbike (Medium, petrol) — kgCO2e per km | 0.10107000000000001 | kg CO2e per km | CO₂e | DEFRA_2026'Passenger vehicles'!D62 | — | commuting.motorbike.medium |
| DEFRA-derived employee commuting motorbike (Small, petrol) — kgCO2e per km | 0.08319 | kg CO2e per km | CO₂e | DEFRA_2026'Passenger vehicles'!D60 | — | commuting.motorbike.small |
| DEFRA-derived employee commuting rail (International rail) — kgCO2e per passenger.km | 0.01135 | kg CO2e per passenger.km | CO₂e | DEFRA_2026'Business travel- land'!D88 | v2026.1 | commuting.rail.international_rail |
| DEFRA-derived employee commuting rail (Light rail and tram) — kgCO2e per passenger.km | 0.02121 | kg CO2e per passenger.km | CO₂e | DEFRA_2026'Business travel- land'!D89 | v2026.2 | commuting.rail.light_rail_tram |
| DEFRA-derived employee commuting rail (London Underground) — kgCO2e per passenger.km | 0.01549 | kg CO2e per passenger.km | CO₂e | DEFRA_2026'Business travel- land'!D90 | v2026.1 | commuting.rail.london_underground |
| DEFRA-derived employee commuting rail (National rail) — kgCO2e per passenger.km | 0.03092 | kg CO2e per passenger.km | CO₂e | DEFRA_2026'Business travel- land'!D87 | v2026.1 | commuting.rail.national_rail |
| Factor | Value | Unit | Gas | Source | Last changed | Canonical key |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DEFRA homeworking (Homeworking (office equipment + heating), UK) — kgCO2e per FTE working hour | 0.32393 | kg CO2e per FTE working hour | CO₂e | DEFRA_2026'Homeworking'!C24 | v2026.4 | homeworking.gbr.combined |
| DEFRA homeworking (Heating, UK) — kgCO2e per FTE working hour | 0.30234 | kg CO2e per FTE working hour | CO₂e | DEFRA_2026'Homeworking'!C23 | — | homeworking.gbr.heating |
| DEFRA homeworking (Office Equipment, UK) — kgCO2e per FTE working hour | 0.02159 | kg CO2e per FTE working hour | CO₂e | DEFRA_2026'Homeworking'!C22 | v2026.4 | homeworking.gbr.office_equipment |
Last changed names the data-layer edition in which a factor last took a new value, reconstructed from every released edition since v2025.13. A dash means the value has not moved since tracking began, which is the answer to "is the figure I used last year still current?".
Common questions
27 factors. They are read live from the GreenCalculus data layer on every page build rather than re-typed, so the figures here are the same ones the calculators use. They come from 1 named source, listed with its publisher and licence in the Sources section above.
Not without checking the unit first. This group spans 3 different units of measurement, the most common being kg CO2e per km. A factor is only meaningful against the activity data its unit describes, which is why the spread on this page is reported per unit and never blended into a single average.
22 of the 27 factors here have been revalued at least once since tracking began, most recently in v2026.4. The Last-changed column names the edition each one last moved in, and a dash means the value has not moved at all — which is the answer to "is the figure I used last year still current?".
Every row has its own link. Click the canonical key in the last column and the address bar will hold an anchor for that one factor, so a citation resolves to the number itself rather than to a table someone has to search. Quote the data-layer edition alongside it (currently v2026.284) — values change between editions, and the version is what lets a reader resolve the exact figure you used.
Yes. This group is readable from 2 open endpoints, one for each section of the data it draws on, with no key and no signup: https://greencalculus.com/wp-json/greencalculus/v1/factors/commuting and https://greencalculus.com/wp-json/greencalculus/v1/factors/homeworking. Responses carry an X-GC-Version header so a consumer can detect a new edition without diffing the payload. Cite the upstream publisher for the values themselves.