Convert Mcf to MMBtu
Royalty and supplier statements print it as a Btu factor such as 1.0450. If yours shows Btu per cubic foot, such as 1,045, divide by 1,000.
| Mcf | MMBtu |
|---|---|
| 1 | 1.036 |
| 10 | 10.36 |
| 100 | 103.6 |
| 1,000 | 1,036 |
| 10,000 | 10,360 |
Each row uses the same factor as the converter above: 1 Mcf = 1.036 MMBtu.
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Gas is measured in thousands of cubic feet (Mcf) and priced in millions of Btu (MMBtu). The two are close, because a cubic foot of US gas carries a little over 1,000 Btu: at the 2025 US average, 1 Mcf = 1.036 MMBtu. The exact factor depends on the gas, and a royalty or supplier statement prints its own.
To convert Mcf to MMBtu, multiply by the gas’s heat content in MMBtu per Mcf: 1.036 at the 2025 US average (EIA), or the Btu factor on your statement. So 100 Mcf is 103.6 MMBtu. For prices it is the other way: divide a price per Mcf by 1.036 to get the price per MMBtu.
MMBtu = Mcf × heat content ÷ 1,000, with heat content in Btu per cubic foot. 1,000 cubic feet × 1,036 Btu = 1,036,000 Btu = 1.036 MMBtu. Prices invert: $/MMBtu = $/Mcf ÷ 1.036.
| Mcf | MMBtu (US average, 1.036) | MMBtu (EPA default, 1.026) | MMBtu (Btu factor 1.10) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1.04 | 1.03 | 1.10 |
| 10 | 10.36 | 10.26 | 11.00 |
| 100 | 103.60 | 102.60 | 110.00 |
| 1,000 | 1,036.00 | 1,026.00 | 1,100.00 |
| 10,000 | 10,360.00 | 10,260.00 | 11,000.00 |
How to convert Mcf to MMBtu
Multiply the volume in Mcf by the heat content of the gas, expressed as MMBtu per Mcf. A statement showing 250 Mcf at a Btu factor of 1.045 is 250 × 1.045 = 261.25 MMBtu. Choose From my statement in the converter to type that factor; it is the figure that sets what you are paid or charged.
If the statement prints heat content as Btu per cubic foot (for example 1,045), divide by 1,000 to get MMBtu per Mcf. Without a statement, use your state’s average from the state table: the same number works for both, because therms per CCF and MMBtu per Mcf are both Btu per cubic foot divided by 1,000.
Mcf, MMcf, MMBtu and dekatherms
| Unit | What it is | Where you meet it |
|---|---|---|
| Mcf | 1,000 cubic feet (EIA) | Production, royalty statements, EIA price series |
| MMcf | 1,000,000 cubic feet | Field and pipeline volumes |
| Bcf | 1,000,000,000 cubic feet | Storage reports and national totals |
| MMBtu | 1,000,000 Btu (EIA) | Wholesale prices, supply contracts |
| Dekatherm (Dth) | 10 therms = 1 MMBtu | Utility tariffs, pipeline nominations |
| Therm | 100,000 Btu (EIA) | Home gas bills |
The M in Mcf is the Roman numeral for a thousand, so Mcf is a thousand cubic feet and MMcf is a thousand thousand. The same M appears in MMBtu: a million Btu, not a thousand.
Price per Mcf to price per MMBtu
Wholesale gas, including the Henry Hub price, is quoted per MMBtu. EIA reports retail prices per Mcf. To compare them, divide the price per Mcf by the heat content. EIA’s own rule is “$/Mcf divided by 1.037 equals $/MMBtu” for 2025; the table uses each state’s own 2025 heat content.
| State | Residential price per Mcf (2025) | Btu per cubic foot | Price per MMBtu | Price per therm |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US average | $15.34 | 1,036 | $14.81 | $1.48 |
| California | $22.01 | 1,022 | $21.54 | $2.15 |
| Texas | $19.42 | 1,016 | $19.11 | $1.91 |
| New York | $17.58 | 1,032 | $17.03 | $1.70 |
| Illinois | $11.25 | 1,048 | $10.73 | $1.07 |
| Ohio | $13.85 | 1,062 | $13.04 | $1.30 |
| Pennsylvania | $15.04 | 1,036 | $14.52 | $1.45 |
| Michigan | $10.92 | 1,060 | $10.30 | $1.03 |
| Georgia | $20.42 | 1,032 | $19.79 | $1.98 |
| Massachusetts | $25.06 | 1,031 | $24.31 | $2.43 |
| Colorado | $11.17 | 1,066 | $10.48 | $1.05 |
| Washington | $17.62 | 1,096 | $16.08 | $1.61 |
Residential prices include delivery and the utility’s fixed charges spread over the gas sold, so they sit well above wholesale prices for the same MMBtu.
Which heat content to use
- Your statement’s Btu factor for anything that is paid on it. It reflects the gas actually sold.
- Your state’s EIA average for estimates: from 0.917 in Hawaii to 1.096 in Washington in 2025.
- 1.026, the EPA default, for greenhouse gas reporting when the supplier’s value is not known. ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager uses the same 1,026 Btu per cubic foot.
CO₂ per Mcf and per MMBtu
EPA’s factor for burning natural gas is 53.06 kg of CO₂ per MMBtu. Per Mcf it depends on the heat content: 54.97 kg at the US average of 1.036, or 54.44 kg at EPA’s own 1,026 Btu per cubic foot, which is the per-volume figure the Hub prints. Working from MMBtu avoids the question. For methane and nitrous oxide as well, use the Scope 1 combustion calculator.
Sources
Every figure on this page comes from the sources below. The converter reads the heat content values live from the GreenCalculus MasterBrain, so the page updates when EIA publishes a new year.
| Source | What this page uses from it |
|---|---|
| U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Natural Gas Navigator: heat content of natural gas deliveries to consumers, by state, 2025 annual | Btu per cubic foot by state; US 1,036 |
| EIA, "How do I convert natural gas prices in dollars per cubic feet to dollars per British thermal unit or therm?" | The price formulas, and that utilities may print the heat content on bills |
| EIA Natural Gas Navigator: price of natural gas delivered to residential consumers, 2025 annual | Dollars per thousand cubic feet, by state |
| EIA Glossary: therm, Mcf, MMBtu, MMcf | Therm = 100,000 Btu; Mcf = 1,000 cubic feet; MMBtu = 1,000,000 Btu |
| US EPA, GHG Emission Factors Hub 2025, Table 1 | Natural gas heat content 0.001026 mmBtu per scf; 53.06 kg CO2 per mmBtu |
| ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager Technical Reference: Thermal Energy Conversions | US natural gas: 102.6 kBtu per Ccf, 1,026 kBtu per Kcf, 100 kBtu per therm |
| EIA, Henry Hub natural gas spot price | Quoted in dollars per million Btu |
Frequently Asked Questions
About 1.036 MMBtu at the 2025 US average heat content of 1,036 Btu per cubic foot (EIA). State averages run from 0.917 to 1.096, and a supplier or royalty statement gives the exact figure for its gas.
Multiply the Mcf by the heat content in MMBtu per Mcf. With the US average of 1.036, 100 Mcf is 103.6 MMBtu.
Divide the price per Mcf by the heat content. The 2025 US residential average of $15.34 per Mcf is $14.81 per MMBtu at 1.036.
No. An Mcf is 1,000 cubic feet of gas, a volume. An MMBtu is one million Btu, an amount of energy. One Mcf of US gas holds a little more than one MMBtu.
It is the heat content of the gas sold, in MMBtu per Mcf. It converts the measured volume into the energy the price applies to. A factor above 1.036 means the gas carried more energy per cubic foot than the 2025 US average.
An Mcf is 1,000 cubic feet and an MMcf is 1,000,000 cubic feet. The M is the Roman numeral for a thousand.
Yes. A dekatherm is 10 therms, and a therm is 100,000 Btu, so a dekatherm is 1,000,000 Btu: one MMBtu.
1,026 Btu per standard cubic foot (0.001026 MMBtu per scf), in Table 1 of the GHG Emission Factors Hub. It is a default for reporting when the supplier's value is not available.
About 54.97 kg of CO2 at the US average heat content, from EPA's 53.06 kg of CO2 per MMBtu. At EPA's own default heat content it is 54.44 kg.