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v1.1Last reviewed September 2026
Authored by Jeremiah Say

Founder and Lead Systems Architect of GreenCalculus. Translates GHG Protocol methodology into high-precision JavaScript calculation engines. Architect of the MasterBrain data layer covering 16,686 sourced emission factors, aligned with IPCC AR6 and the GHG Protocol Corporate Standard.

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SBTi

SBTi Readiness Checklist — Pre-Submission Diagnostic

SBTi readiness diagnostic: 3 tracks (inventory, target, submission), 5 hard blockers, verdict on the weakest track; ≥95% Scope 1+2, ≥67% Scope 3. GreenCalculus.
How the SBTi readiness diagnostic works — three tracks (inventory, target, submission) and five hard blockers, with a verdict that reads the weakest track. Updated 22 Sep 2026

SBTi validation is not a checklist exercise — it is an audit. The Target Validation Team reads your submission against the Corporate Net-Zero Standard criteria with the same scepticism a financial auditor brings to a closing balance. Roughly half of first submissions are returned for revision; a meaningful slice are returned a second time. Every revision adds weeks to a process that boards and customers expect to close on a schedule.

This checklist is the diagnostic you would run if you sat in the validator’s chair before submitting. It mirrors the structure of an actual review: an inventory test, a target-architecture test, and a submission-package test. Five items are flagged as blockers — the issues that cause an immediate return rather than a request for clarification. Everything else is addressable in revision but still costs you a week.

Quick Answer

SBTi validators check three things in sequence: whether the inventory is solid enough to set a target on, whether the target architecture meets the ambition and coverage rules, and whether the submission package is complete. The weakest of the three decides your outcome.

The diagnostic — three tracks, five blockers

Use the qualifier toggles to scope the checklist to your situation. Items appear or stay hidden based on whether you are setting a near-term target only or a full net-zero commitment, and whether your sector requires FLAG (Forest, Land and Agriculture) treatment. The verdict at the bottom updates live and reads the weakest track — it does not average.

Sector route
Target scope
Not in scope here: SBTi SME route (separate streamlined process), Financial Institutions Net-Zero Standard. Both have their own validation pipelines and criteria — a single combined checklist would mislead. If you are a financial institution or qualifying SME, this tool is not the right diagnostic for you.
Inventory readiness
Target architecture
Submission package
Inventory
0%
Target
0%
Package
0%
Track 1 — Inventory readiness
Blocker
SBTi validation aligns with the latest IPCC assessment. AR5 numbers (CH₄ = 28, N₂O = 265) understate methane-bearing portfolios by ~6%. SBTi’s Target Validation Team treats AR5 inventories as a methodology defect, not a data choice. See GWP reference and the complete AR6 dataset.
Blocker
The 40% trigger is the structural rule SBTi uses to decide whether Scope 3 must carry a target. If Scope 3 is ≥40% of your total inventory, you must both (a) report it and (b) set a Scope 3 target covering at least two-thirds of it. No screen, no Scope 3 number, no submission. See GHG Protocol Scope 3 Standard.
Advisory
SBTi requires a recent base year so the trajectory is anchored to current operations rather than a stale snapshot. Older base years are accepted with justification (e.g., a multi-year inventory programme already published) but require a longer narrative and may be challenged.
Advisory
The screen — not the calculation — is what the validator checks first. Categories you exclude must be excluded for a documented reason (immaterial, not relevant to the business model, no activity data exists). Silent omission is the most common reason a Scope 3 boundary is questioned.
Advisory
SBTi does not mandate a specific consolidation approach but does require it to be stated and applied uniformly. Mixing approaches — operational control for Scope 1 and equity share for Scope 3, for example — is a methodology finding under the GHG Protocol Corporate Standard and a question SBTi will raise.
Advisory
The GHG Protocol Scope 2 Guidance requires both methods. Where no instruments are held, the two figures are identical, but both must still be reported. Single-method Scope 2 inventories are flagged as incomplete during SBTi review even when they are otherwise correct.
Recommended
SBTi does not formally require third-party assurance for target validation, but the absence of it lengthens the review and increases the chance of follow-up questions on data quality. Reviewers move faster through a verified inventory because the figures are assumed defensible.
FLAG
FLAG sectors must report land-based emissions and removals as a distinct inventory layer. Lumping FLAG into general Scope 1 is a structural defect — the FLAG target needs its own gross emissions figure to be set against. See the FLAG Emissions Calculator.
Track 2 — Target architecture
Blocker
Since July 2022, SBTi accepts only 1.5°C-aligned near-term targets. The default absolute contraction approach requires 4.2% per year (42% by 2030 from a 2020 base). Sector-specific Sectoral Decarbonization Approach (SDA) pathways apply for power, cement, steel, aluminium, transport, buildings and chemicals. A 2°C or “well-below 2°C” target submitted in 2026 is returned without further review. Run the math in the SBTi Near-Term Target Calculator.
Blocker
Scope 1+2 covers ≥95% of the relevant scope; Scope 3 (where the 40% trigger applies) covers ≥67% of the relevant scope. A target that omits Scope 3 when Scope 3 is the majority of the footprint is the single most common reason a submission is returned in 2025–26 — the validator sees a mathematically impossible decarbonisation pathway and stops reading.
Blocker
SBTi targets are gross targets. Credits and removals are reported separately and contribute to the Beyond Value Chain Mitigation (BVCM) recommendation, not to target achievement. A target framed as “net” of offsets is structurally invalid — the validator returns it before checking the math. The same gross/net separation is required by CSRD ESRS E1.
Advisory
Near-term targets must be both meaningful (≥5 years for trajectory to be observable) and current (≤10 years to be near-term, not long-term). A 4-year target is too short to validate; a 12-year target is treated as long-term and falls under the Net-Zero Standard rules.
Advisory
Absolute targets (“reduce 42% by 2030”) are unambiguous. Physical intensity (“reduce tCO₂e per tonne of product by X%”) is acceptable for sectors with stable physical denominators. Economic intensity (per revenue) is rejected for cross-sector pathways because revenue can grow without emissions falling — the metric breaks if pricing rises or product mix shifts.
Net-zero
SBTi net-zero requires ≥90% absolute emissions reduction by 2050. The remaining ≤10% (residual emissions) must be permanently removed via durable carbon removals at the target year. A long-term target of “carbon neutral” or “net-zero by offsets” is not SBTi-aligned.
Net-zero
2050 is the outer boundary, not a default. The power sector must reach net-zero earlier (around 2040 under the SDA pathway). Submissions that anchor net-zero at 2050 for a sector with an earlier pathway are returned with a request to bring the year forward.
FLAG
FLAG sectors must set a separate FLAG target alongside their energy/industry target. The two targets are scored independently and a single combined target is rejected. The no-commodity-deforestation rule (effective 2025) applies to companies with deforestation-linked commodities in their value chain regardless of FLAG sector classification.
Maritime
Maritime decarbonisation pathways are intensity-based by design — fleet emissions scale with cargo demand, not corporate revenue. SBTi Maritime Guidance specifies a well-to-wake (WTW) intensity metric that includes upstream fuel emissions, not tank-to-wake only.
Track 3 — Submission package
Advisory
SBTi requires C-suite sign-off because the target carries financial commitments (CapEx allocation, supplier requirements). A commitment letter signed only by the Head of Sustainability is rejected as insufficient governance authority.
Advisory
The boundary document is what the validator uses to test internal consistency between the inventory and the target. Ambiguity here (“emissions from our European operations”) is the source of about a third of clarification requests during review.
Advisory
SBTi requires you to commit upfront to how you will handle structural changes (M&A, divestiture, methodology updates). The default 5% significance threshold from GHG Protocol is widely used. A target without a stated policy fails the assurability test.
Advisory
The published target wording becomes the public commitment. SBTi requires a specific format: “[Company] commits to reduce absolute Scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions X% by [year] from a [base year] base year.” Loose wording is rewritten by SBTi during validation, so submitting it your way wastes a round.
Advisory
Reconciliation breaks because Scope 3 categories are screened differently in different documents, or because the inventory was updated between drafting the boundary document and filling the validation form. The validator runs this check first; mismatches return the package immediately.
Advisory
SBTi validation is a paid service. Pricing is tiered by company revenue and scope. The fee covers a single validation cycle including one revision; a second revision after rejection incurs an additional fee. Confirm current pricing on the SBTi target validation services page before budgeting.
Net-zero
Net-zero validation is not separable from near-term validation. A company can submit near-term-only and add net-zero later as a separate validation cycle, but cannot submit net-zero without a corresponding near-term target.
Tick items above to see your live readiness verdict. The verdict reads the weakest of the three tracks rather than averaging them — a strong inventory will not save a weak target.
Your gap report
Grouped by blocker and advisory severity. Copy, download or share it from the buttons below.
Outstanding items will be listed here as you work through the checklist, grouped by blocker and advisory severity.
Tell me when these criteria change

SBTi criteria move on their own schedule — the Corporate Net-Zero Standard is under revision and the near-term criteria have been re-versioned several times. We will email you when something this checklist applies changes — not otherwise.

How SBTi validation actually works

SBTi validation is a four-stage pipeline. Each stage has its own failure modes and its own typical duration. Understanding where you are in the pipeline is the difference between a six-month process and a fourteen-month process.

01
Commit
Sign and submit the commitment letter
A C-suite signatory commits the company to setting an SBTi-aligned target within 24 months. The company is added to the SBTi dashboard with status “Committed”. This stage is administrative — there is no scrutiny of the inventory or target at this point.
Typical duration: 2–4 weeks
02
Develop
Build the inventory and target architecture
The bulk of the work. Inventory completion to AR6 GWP-100 basis, Scope 3 screen, base year decision, target trajectory math against the 1.5°C pathway, scope coverage tests, target boundary documentation. The 24-month commitment window starts running from the commitment letter date.
Typical duration: 6–18 months
03
Submit
Pay the validation fee and lodge the target package
The full submission package — commitment letter, target boundary document, inventory data in the validation form, target wording, supporting methodology — is uploaded to the SBTi portal. Booking fee paid. The submission enters the queue. This is the moment the diagnostic in this checklist is meant to test for.
Typical duration: 1 week to prepare; queue wait varies
04
Validate
SBTi Target Validation Team review
A validator (or pair) reads the package. They will issue one of three outcomes: validated as submitted (rare on first attempt), validated subject to clarifications (common — typically minor wording or boundary detail), or returned for revision (also common — hits a blocker). A rejected submission can be revised and resubmitted within the same fee cycle once.
Typical duration: 4–6 months from submission to outcome

The five reasons submissions are returned

The SBTi Target Validation Team publishes anonymised pattern data on common revision causes. Five reasons account for the substantial majority of returns. They map directly to the five blockers in the checklist above — that mapping is not a coincidence.

Reason 1 — Target ambition below the 1.5°C pathway

The most common rejection. A target framed as “well below 2°C” or aligned with a 2°C pathway has been ineligible since July 2022. The minimum near-term ambition is 4.2% absolute annual reduction (or the equivalent under a sector-specific Sectoral Decarbonization Approach pathway). Submissions that quote pre-2022 SBTi guidance or use a 2°C trajectory are returned without a methodology review.

Reason 2 — Scope 3 omitted when the 40% trigger applies

The second most common rejection. Where Scope 3 is ≥40% of total emissions, a Scope 3 target covering at least two-thirds of Scope 3 is mandatory. Submissions with Scope 1+2 targets only — when the inventory shows Scope 3 dominates — are returned with a request to add a Scope 3 target. This adds months to the process because the Scope 3 target requires its own trajectory analysis.

Reason 3 — Carbon credits or offsets included in target achievement

SBTi targets are gross targets. A submission that frames the target as “net of offsets” or that counts purchased removals toward target progress is structurally non-aligned. The validator does not interpret intent — language that mixes gross emissions reductions with credit-based abatement is returned for restatement. Credits and removals belong in a separately disclosed Beyond Value Chain Mitigation (BVCM) action, not in the target arithmetic.

Reason 4 — AR5 GWP basis when the inventory should be on AR6

A methodology defect rather than a target defect, but it surfaces during target validation because the validator recalculates key inventory totals to test the trajectory. AR5 inventories understate methane-bearing portfolios by approximately 6%, which can flatter a near-term reduction percentage. SBTi rebases to AR6 during review and rejects targets whose ambition fails on the rebased numbers. See the GWP reference.

Reason 5 — Internal inconsistency between inventory, boundary document, and target wording

The most preventable rejection. Inventory totals quoted in the target boundary document do not match the totals in the validation form, or the consolidation approach in one document differs from another, or scope coverage percentages do not reconcile across documents. The validator’s first pass is a reconciliation pass — mismatches return the package before the substantive review begins.

V1.2 vs V2 — what’s changing and when

SBTi published the Corporate Net-Zero Standard V2 draft in 2025 and entered a pilot phase. As of May 2026, V1.2 remains the validation basis for live submissions — V2 has not yet replaced it. The transition is structured rather than sudden; understanding which version applies to your submission window is essential.

SBTi Corporate Net-Zero Standard — V1.2 vs V2 (May 2026 status)
Element V1.2 (current validation basis) V2 (pilot, transition expected)
Status Active — used for all 2026 validations to date Pilot phase; V2.1 draft expected mid-2026; mandatory adoption date not yet announced
Near-term ambition 4.2% absolute annual reduction (1.5°C-aligned) Maintained, with proposed differentiation by company size and sector
Scope 3 coverage rule ≥67% if Scope 3 ≥40% of total Proposed shift to a “category-by-category materiality” approach with mandatory targets on the largest categories rather than a single % threshold
Target validity 5-year recalculation cycle Maintained; clearer triggers for off-cycle recalculation
Removals treatment Removals separate from gross target; counted only at net-zero target year for residual emissions Proposed allowance for limited removals contribution to ongoing decarbonisation reporting (controversial; unsettled at draft stage)
Validation routes Single Corporate Net-Zero validation track Tiered validation (foundational vs. comprehensive) under proposal
Practical guidance for 2026 submitters

Submit to V1.2. The V2 draft is not yet a validation basis and SBTi has stated that targets validated under V1.2 will be honoured through their five-year cycle even after V2 becomes mandatory. The risk of waiting for V2 — months of additional delay against an unsettled standard — is materially greater than the risk of submitting under V1.2 now and recalculating at the next cycle. The five blockers in the checklist above apply to V1.2 and are highly likely to remain in V2 in some form.

FLAG sectors — when separate FLAG targets apply

The SBTi Forest, Land and Agriculture (FLAG) Guidance applies to companies in land-intensive sectors (forestry, agriculture, food production, paper, leather, and others) and to any company with material commodity-deforestation exposure in its value chain. FLAG companies must set a separate FLAG target alongside the energy and industry target — the two are scored independently and a single combined target is rejected.

Who FLAG applies to

Companies in SBTi-defined FLAG sectors (forestry products, agricultural production, food production and processing, food and staples retailing, tobacco) are automatically in scope. Companies in any other sector with FLAG-related emissions of ≥20% of their total inventory are also in scope. Most large food, beverage, and apparel companies fall under the second test even when their primary sector is not FLAG.

Separate target, separate inventory

FLAG emissions and removals must be reported as a distinct inventory layer in line with the GHG Protocol Land Sector and Removals Standard. Energy emissions from FLAG operations (tractor diesel, processing plant electricity) stay in the general energy/industry target. Land-based emissions (livestock methane, soil N₂O, deforestation) and land-based removals (afforestation, soil carbon) sit in the FLAG target. Run the math via the FLAG Emissions Calculator.

No-deforestation rule

The 2025 no-commodity-deforestation rule applies to all companies with deforestation-linked commodities in their value chain — beef, soy, palm oil, timber, paper, leather — regardless of FLAG sector classification. Compliance with this rule is a precondition for FLAG target validation.

After you pass — communication and recalculation

Validation is not the end of the process. Three commitments come into force the moment a target is validated, and breaching them forfeits the validated status.

01
Annual disclosure of progress. Validated companies must report progress against the target annually via a public channel (CDP submission, sustainability report, or company website). The disclosure must show base year, current year, and trajectory against target. Silence for two consecutive years triggers a status review and potential delisting from the SBTi dashboard.
02
5-year recalculation cycle. Targets must be recalculated and revalidated at least every 5 years to ensure they remain consistent with the latest climate science, GHG Protocol updates, and the company’s structural changes. A recalculation can result in a tightened target if the trajectory has fallen behind, or a restated target if the inventory boundary has changed materially. Off-cycle recalculation is required if a structural change (major M&A, divestiture, methodology change) crosses the 5% significance threshold under GHG Protocol Corporate Standard.
03
Communication restrictions on validated language. Only the validated target wording can be used in public claims of SBTi alignment. Paraphrasing, rounding the percentage, or claiming “SBTi net-zero” without a validated long-term target are SBTi communication policy violations. A delisting for misleading communication is rare but is the worst possible outcome — it generates negative press in a way that a missed target does not.
Pinterest card — SBTi grades your weakest of 3 tracks against 5 hard blockers; one miss returns the submission. ≥95% Scope 1+2, ≥67% Scope 3. GreenCalculus.
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Frequently asked questions

Typical end-to-end timeline from commitment letter to validated target is 12–18 months. The breakdown: 2–4 weeks for the commitment stage; 6–18 months for inventory and target development (depends entirely on starting maturity); 1 week to prepare the submission package; 4–6 months from submission to validation outcome. A submission with one or more blocker-level issues that gets returned for revision adds 3–6 months for the revision cycle. Companies that fail the diagnostic in this checklist before submitting save the revision cycle.

V1.2 is the active validation basis as of May 2026 — every live submission is being scored against it. V2 is in pilot phase; the V2.1 draft is expected mid-2026 and the mandatory adoption date has not yet been announced. The five blockers in this checklist (AR6 GWP, Scope 3 coverage at the 40% trigger, scope-comprehensive target boundary, 1.5°C ambition, no offsets in the target) apply to V1.2 and are highly likely to survive in some form into V2. SBTi has confirmed that targets validated under V1.2 will be honoured through their five-year recalculation cycle even after V2 becomes mandatory, so there is no first-mover penalty in submitting now under V1.2.

Not in every target — only when Scope 3 is ≥40% of the total inventory (Scope 1+2+3). The 40% trigger is the structural rule. Where Scope 3 falls below 40%, a Scope 1+2 target alone is acceptable. Where Scope 3 is at or above 40%, the target must cover at least two-thirds of Scope 3 in addition to ≥95% of Scope 1+2. The trigger is calculated on the full screened inventory, not on the partially calculated subset — a frequent source of revision requests is companies who calculated only the easy Scope 3 categories, found they came in below 40% of an artificially small denominator, and submitted Scope 1+2 only. SBTi requires the full screen first.

No. SBTi targets are gross reduction targets — physical decarbonisation of the company’s own and value chain emissions. Carbon credits, offsets, avoided emissions, and removals do not count toward target achievement at any point in the trajectory. Removals contribute only at the net-zero target year, and only against the residual ≤10% of emissions remaining after the 90% absolute reduction. Outside the target architecture, SBTi recommends Beyond Value Chain Mitigation (BVCM) — voluntary purchases of high-quality credits or removals as an additional climate contribution — but BVCM is reported separately and never netted against the target.

Yes, since SBTi V1.1 (2024). AR6 GWP-100 values without climate-carbon cycle feedbacks are required: CO₂ = 1, fossil CH₄ = 29.8, biogenic CH₄ = 27.9, N₂O = 273, SF₆ = 25,200. The AR5 values widely used in pre-2024 inventories (CH₄ = 28, N₂O = 265) are no longer accepted for new validations. Targets validated before V1.1 are grandfathered through their first 5-year cycle. If your base year was calculated under AR5 and your current year under AR6, you must restate the base year to AR6 — a methodology change rather than a data correction. Detail: Global Warming Potential reference; complete dataset: AR6 GWP values.

The standard validation service tier is USD 14,500 plus applicable taxes as of 2026, covering one validation cycle including one revision. Pricing is tiered by company revenue and validation scope (corporate, FLAG, financial institutions, SME) and is updated periodically — confirm current pricing on the SBTi target validation services page before budgeting. The fee covers SBTi staff time only and excludes any internal cost (consultants, software, internal labour) of preparing the submission. Real total cost for a first-time submission, including internal preparation, typically runs USD 50,000–250,000 depending on inventory maturity and company size.

The validator returns the submission with a list of items requiring revision. A first revision is included in the booking fee and is normally addressable within 4–8 weeks if the issues are documentation rather than methodology. If the revision is itself rejected, a second revision incurs an additional fee. Rejected status does not delist a company from “Committed” status — the 24-month commitment window keeps running. Companies that cannot validate within 24 months of commitment are removed from the SBTi dashboard with a status of “Removed” and must restart the process.

Not quite. SBTi has two separable validation tracks: a near-term target (5–10 year horizon, 1.5°C-aligned reductions) and a long-term net-zero target (≥90% absolute reduction by 2050 at the latest, with residual ≤10% addressed by durable removals at the target year). A company can hold an SBTi-validated near-term target without a validated net-zero target — the near-term target is itself meaningful. SBTi-validated net-zero requires both: the near-term target as the on-ramp, and the long-term target as the destination. “Net-zero” claims without both validated targets are not SBTi-aligned even if SBTi has validated the near-term component.

Run the trajectory math before you submit.
The SBTi Near-Term Target Calculator computes the absolute annual reduction your target needs to meet under the 1.5°C absolute contraction approach, by base year, target year, and scope coverage — the same arithmetic the SBTi validator runs against your submission.

Tool basis. This diagnostic implements the validation criteria from SBTi Corporate Net-Zero Standard V1.2 (the active validation basis as of May 2026), the SBTi Criteria and Recommendations document, the SBTi FLAG Sector Guidance, and the SBTi Maritime Transport Guidance. Cross-checked against published SBTi Target Validation Team revision pattern data. The five blocker items map to the five most-cited rejection reasons in SBTi’s anonymised review feedback.

Methodology dependencies. The inventory readiness checks reference the GHG Protocol Corporate Standard, the GHG Protocol Scope 3 Standard, and ISO 14064-1:2018. GWP values referenced are AR6 GWP-100 without climate-carbon cycle feedbacks per IPCC AR6. The CSRD and SBTi requirements on gross-vs-net reporting are aligned and cross-referenced at CSRD ESRS E1.

Scope. This tool covers the Corporate, FLAG, and Maritime validation routes under SBTi V1.2. It does not cover the SBTi Financial Institutions Net-Zero Standard or the SBTi SME route — both have streamlined criteria that do not map to this checklist structure. A separate financial institutions readiness tool is on the editorial backlog.

Disclaimer. This is a self-diagnostic tool, not an SBTi-administered review. A clear verdict here does not guarantee validation; it indicates that the most common return-causing issues are addressed. SBTi alone is the authority on whether a target meets validation criteria.

v1.0 — May 2026  ·  SBTi Corporate Net-Zero Standard V1.2 · IPCC AR6 GWP-100 · GHG Protocol Corporate Standard

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