Agricultural Soils N₂O Emission Factors
Nitrogen added to soil — as synthetic fertiliser, manure, crop residues or grazing deposits — is partly converted by soil microbes into nitrous oxide, a greenhouse gas hundreds of times more potent than CO₂ and the dominant emission from managed agricultural land. The IPCC splits this into a direct pathway (N₂O released at the point of application) and two indirect pathways (nitrogen that first volatilises to the air or leaches to water and is denitrified elsewhere), each with its own emission factor.
This page publishes the complete IPCC managed-soils N₂O parameter set implemented in the GreenCalculus MasterBrain v2026.203 — 111 parameters covering the direct emission factors (EF1, EF2, EF3PRP), the indirect factors (EF4, EF5) and their volatilisation/leaching fractions, the 2019 Refinement updates, aggregate fertiliser factors, and the reference soil-organic-carbon stocks used for soil-carbon change. It is a subset of the IPCC AFOLU Tier-1 emission factors dataset. These factors power the GreenCalculus Fertiliser & Soil N₂O calculator — see the methodology.
Managed-soil N2O is a direct emission from nitrogen inputs plus indirect emissions from the volatilised and leached fractions. The default direct factor is EF1 = 0.01 kg N2O–N per kg N applied, rising to 0.016 for synthetic N in wet climates.
The IPCC managed-soils N₂O model
Managed-soils N₂O has two components. Direct emissions come from the nitrogen added to or mineralised in the soil, scaled by EF1 (per kg N), EF2 (per hectare of drained organic soil) and EF3PRP (per kg N deposited by grazing animals). Indirect emissions come from the share of that nitrogen that leaves the field — volatilised as ammonia and nitrogen oxides (fraction FracGASF/GASM, later re-deposited and emitted at EF4) or lost to leaching and runoff (fraction FracLEACH, denitrified in water at EF5).
N₂O–Ndirect = Σ(Ninput × EF1) + organic-soil and grazing terms
N₂O–Nindirect = (N × FracGASF × EF4) + (N × FracLEACH × EF5)
then N₂O = (N₂O–Ndirect + N₂O–Nindirect) × 44/28 and CO₂e = N₂O × GWP.
Almost every value here is a mass of N₂O–N (nitrogen), not N₂O and not CO₂e — you must apply the 44/28 molecular-mass conversion to reach N₂O, then an N₂O GWP (AR6 = 273; AR5 = 265). Two exceptions: the aggregate fertiliser factors are already CO₂e (AR5 basis, with indirect included), and the SOCref stocks are soil carbon (t C/ha) used for a separate CO₂ soil-carbon-change calculation.
Direct N₂O emission factors
Direct N₂O is emitted from the soil where nitrogen is added or deposited. EF1 applies to nitrogen inputs (synthetic and organic fertiliser, manure, crop residues, mineralised soil N); EF2 to drained/managed organic soils (per hectare); and EF3PRP to nitrogen deposited by grazing animals on pasture, range and paddock. Values are kg N₂O–N — convert to N₂O by ×44/28, then to CO₂e with an N₂O GWP (AR6 = 273).
EF1 — direct N₂O from nitrogen additions
| Parameter | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Direct N2O emission factor — crop residue N, dry climate (EF1_cr) | 0.005 | kg N2O-N per kg N applied |
| Direct N2O emission factor — crop residue N, wet climate (EF1_cr) | 0.006 | kg N2O-N per kg N applied |
| Direct N2O emission factor — organic amendments, dry climate (EF1_on) | 0.005 | kg N2O-N per kg N applied |
| Direct N2O emission factor — organic amendments, wet climate (EF1_on) | 0.006 | kg N2O-N per kg N applied |
| Direct N2O emission factor — synthetic mineral N, dry climate (EF1_sn) | 0.005 | kg N2O-N per kg N applied |
| Direct N2O emission factor — synthetic mineral N, wet climate (EF1_sn) | 0.016 | kg N2O-N per kg N applied |
| EF1 — direct N2O from N additions to managed soils (aggregated default) | 0.01 | kg N2O-N per kg N input |
| EF1 — all N inputs in dry climates (disaggregated) | 0.005 | kg N2O-N per kg N input |
| EF1 — other N inputs in wet climates (disaggregated) | 0.006 | kg N2O-N per kg N input |
| EF1 — synthetic fertiliser inputs in wet climates (disaggregated) | 0.016 | kg N2O-N per kg N input |
| EF1FR — direct N2O from N inputs to flooded rice fields (aggregated) | 0.004 | kg N2O-N per kg N input |
| EF1FR — flooded rice, continuous flooding (disaggregated) | 0.003 | kg N2O-N per kg N input |
| EF1FR — flooded rice, single and multiple drainage (disaggregated) | 0.005 | kg N2O-N per kg N input |
EF2 — drained & managed organic soils
| Parameter | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| EF2 — Cropland and grassland, temperate organic soils | 8 | kg N2O-N per hectare per yr |
| EF2 — Cropland and grassland, tropical organic soils | 16 | kg N2O-N per hectare per yr |
| EF2 — Temperate and boreal forest, nutrient-poor organic soils | 0.1 | kg N2O-N per hectare per yr |
| EF2 — Temperate and boreal forest, nutrient-rich organic soils | 0.6 | kg N2O-N per hectare per yr |
| EF2 — Tropical forest, organic soils | 8 | kg N2O-N per hectare per yr |
EF3PRP — grazing-animal deposition
| Parameter | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| EF3PRP_CPP — N2O from urine/dung of cattle, poultry, pigs on pasture (aggregated) | 0.004 | kg N2O-N per kg N input |
| EF3PRP_CPP — cattle/poultry/pigs, dry climate (disaggregated) | 0.002 | kg N2O-N per kg N input |
| EF3PRP_CPP — cattle/poultry/pigs, wet climate (disaggregated) | 0.006 | kg N2O-N per kg N input |
| EF3PRP_SO — N2O from urine/dung of sheep and other animals on pasture (aggregated) | 0.003 | kg N2O-N per kg N input |
Indirect N₂O pathways
Indirect N₂O arises off-site: from atmospheric deposition of volatilised ammonia and nitrogen oxides (EF4), and from nitrogen lost to leaching and runoff that is later denitrified in water bodies (EF5). The volatilisation and leaching fractions (FracGASF, FracGASM, FracLEACH) determine how much nitrogen enters each indirect pathway.
Indirect emission factors (EF4, EF5)
| Parameter | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Indirect N2O emission factor — atmospheric deposition (EF4) | 0.01 | kg N2O-N per kg (NH3-N + NOx-N) volatilised |
| Indirect N2O emission factor — leaching/runoff (EF5) | 0.011 | kg N2O-N per kg N leached |
| EF4 — indirect N2O from volatilisation and re-deposition (aggregated) | 0.01 | kg N2O-N per kg (NH3-N + NOx-N) volatilised |
| EF4 — volatilisation/re-deposition, dry climate (disaggregated) | 0.005 | kg N2O-N per kg (NH3-N + NOx-N) volatilised |
| EF4 — volatilisation/re-deposition, wet climate (disaggregated) | 0.014 | kg N2O-N per kg (NH3-N + NOx-N) volatilised |
| EF5 — indirect N2O from N leaching and runoff (aggregated) | 0.011 | kg N2O-N per kg N leached/runoff |
| EF5e — N2O from estuary emissions | 0.0026 | kg N2O-N per kg NO3-N in water |
| EF5g — N2O from groundwater, springs, surface drainage, upstream | 0.006 | kg N2O-N per kg NO3-N in water |
| EF5r — N2O from rivers, reservoirs, downstream | 0.0026 | kg N2O-N per kg NO3-N in water |
Volatilisation & leaching fractions
| Parameter | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Volatilisation fraction — synthetic mineral N (Frac_GASF) | 0.11 | fraction of synthetic N volatilised as NH3-N + NOx-N |
| Volatilisation fraction — organic amendments (Frac_GASM) | 0.21 | fraction of organic N volatilised as NH3-N + NOx-N |
| Leaching fraction — applied N (Frac_LEACH) | 0.24 | fraction of N leached as runoff and below-root-zone drainage |
| FracGASF — N volatilisation fraction from synthetic fertiliser (aggregated) | 0.11 | kg (NH3-N + NOx-N) per kg N applied |
| FracGASF — N volatilisation from ammonium-based fertiliser (disaggregated) | 0.08 | kg (NH3-N + NOx-N) per kg N applied |
| FracGASF — N volatilisation from ammonium-nitrate-based fertiliser (disaggregated) | 0.05 | kg (NH3-N + NOx-N) per kg N applied |
| FracGASF — N volatilisation from nitrate-based fertiliser (disaggregated) | 0.01 | kg (NH3-N + NOx-N) per kg N applied |
| FracGASF — N volatilisation from urea fertiliser (disaggregated) | 0.15 | kg (NH3-N + NOx-N) per kg N applied |
| FracGASM — N volatilisation from organic N fertiliser + urine/dung (aggregated) | 0.21 | kg (NH3-N + NOx-N) per kg N applied or deposited |
| FracLEACH-(H) — N loss by leaching/runoff in wet climates (aggregated) | 0.24 | kg N (leached or runoff) per kg N additions or deposition |
2019 Refinement emission factors
The 2019 Refinement revises several direct and indirect factors, notably splitting EF1 by wet/dry climate and synthetic/other N source, and updating the leaching fraction to zero in dry climates. Use these where reporting under the Refinement.
Direct factors (2019 Refinement)
| Parameter | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| EF1 direct N2O from N additions to managed soils — aggregated default, 2019 Refinement | 0.01 | kg N2O-N per kg N applied |
| EF1 — all N inputs in dry climates, 2019 Refinement | 0.005 | kg N2O-N per kg N applied |
| EF1 — other N inputs (organic amendments/manure/crop residues) in wet climates, 2019 Refinement | 0.006 | kg N2O-N per kg N applied |
| EF1 — synthetic fertiliser inputs in wet climates, 2019 Refinement | 0.016 | kg N2O-N per kg N applied |
| EF1FR direct N2O from N additions to flooded rice — aggregated default, 2019 Refinement | 0.004 | kg N2O-N per kg N applied |
| EF1FR — continuous flooding rice systems, 2019 Refinement | 0.003 | kg N2O-N per kg N applied |
| EF1FR — single/multiple drainage rice systems (incl. AWD), 2019 Refinement | 0.005 | kg N2O-N per kg N applied |
| EF3PRP,CPP — cattle/poultry/pigs urine+dung deposition aggregated default, 2019 Refinement | 0.004 | kg N2O-N per kg N deposited |
| EF3PRP,CPP — cattle/poultry/pigs in dry climates, 2019 Refinement | 0.002 | kg N2O-N per kg N deposited |
| EF3PRP,CPP — cattle/poultry/pigs in wet climates, 2019 Refinement | 0.006 | kg N2O-N per kg N deposited |
| EF3PRP,SO — sheep + other animals (goats/horses/camels/etc.) urine+dung, 2019 Refinement | 0.003 | kg N2O-N per kg N deposited |
Indirect factors & fractions (2019 Refinement)
| Parameter | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| EF4 indirect N2O from N volatilisation+redeposition — aggregated, 2019 Refinement | 0.01 | kg N2O-N per kg (NH3-N + NOx-N) volatilised |
| EF4 — volatilisation+redeposition in dry climates, 2019 Refinement | 0.005 | kg N2O-N per kg (NH3-N + NOx-N) volatilised |
| EF4 — volatilisation+redeposition in wet climates, 2019 Refinement | 0.014 | kg N2O-N per kg (NH3-N + NOx-N) volatilised |
| EF5 indirect N2O from N leaching/runoff — aggregated, 2019 Refinement | 0.011 | kg N2O-N per kg N leaching/runoff |
| FracGASF — volatilisation from synthetic fertiliser aggregated, 2019 Refinement | 0.11 | kg (NH3-N + NOx-N) per kg N applied |
| FracGASF — ammonium-based fertiliser, 2019 Refinement | 0.08 | kg (NH3-N + NOx-N) per kg N applied |
| FracGASF — ammonium-nitrate fertiliser, 2019 Refinement | 0.05 | kg (NH3-N + NOx-N) per kg N applied |
| FracGASF — nitrate-based fertiliser, 2019 Refinement | 0.01 | kg (NH3-N + NOx-N) per kg N applied |
| FracGASF — urea fertiliser, 2019 Refinement | 0.15 | kg (NH3-N + NOx-N) per kg N applied |
| FracGASM — volatilisation from organic N + PRP deposition, 2019 Refinement | 0.21 | kg (NH3-N + NOx-N) per kg N applied or deposited |
| FracLEACH-(H) — dry climates, 2019 Refinement (zero by default) | 0 | kg N leached per kg N added/deposited |
| FracLEACH-(H) — N losses by leaching/runoff in wet climates, 2019 Refinement | 0.24 | kg N leached per kg N added/deposited |
Aggregate fertiliser, liming & urea factors
Two convenience factors combine the direct and indirect N₂O pathways into a single per-kilogram-nitrogen CO₂e value for synthetic and organic fertiliser (as used by DEFRA). Liming and urea application release CO₂e directly as the carbonate or urea carbon is converted — these carry carbon-content factors.
The aggregate fertiliser factors are pre-computed to CO₂e on an AR5 basis (N₂O GWP 265) and already include the indirect pathways; the per-pathway EFs above are raw N₂O–N, letting you apply AR5 or AR6 yourself. Do not combine the aggregate factor with the disaggregated route for the same nitrogen — choose one.
| Parameter | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Synthetic nitrogen fertiliser — combined direct + indirect N2O (DEFRA aggregate) | 5.765 | kg CO2e per kg N applied |
| Organic nitrogen fertiliser — combined direct + indirect N2O (DEFRA aggregate) | 5.765 | kg CO2e per kg N applied |
| CO2 emission factor — urea fertilisation (urea hydrolysis) | 0.2 | kg CO2 per kg urea applied |
| CO2 emission factor — urea fertilization (urea hydrolysis) | 0.2 | t C per t urea |
| CO2 emission factor — limestone applied as agricultural lime | 0.12 | t C per t limestone |
| CO2 emission factor — dolomite applied as agricultural lime | 0.13 | t C per t dolomite |
Reference soil organic carbon (SOCref)
Reference soil organic carbon stocks are the baseline mineral-soil carbon (0–30 cm) for the land-management soil-carbon-change method — a CO₂ flux, separate from the N₂O factors above. They vary by climate zone and soil type. Stock-change is estimated by applying management, land-use and input factors to these reference stocks.
| Climate zone | HAC | LAC | Sandy | Spodic | Volcanic | Wetland |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boreal | 68 | — | 10 | 117 | 20 | 146 |
| Cold temperate, dry | 50 | 33 | 34 | — | 20 | — |
| Cold temperate, moist | 95 | 85 | 71 | 115 | 130 | — |
| Cold temperate (all) | — | — | — | — | — | 87 |
| Warm temperate, dry | 38 | 24 | 19 | — | 70 | — |
| Warm temperate, moist | 88 | 63 | 34 | — | 80 | — |
| Warm temperate (all) | — | — | — | — | — | 88 |
| Tropical, dry | 38 | 35 | 31 | — | 50 | — |
| Tropical, moist | 65 | 47 | 39 | — | 70 | — |
| Tropical, wet | 44 | 60 | 66 | — | 130 | — |
| Tropical, montane | 88 | 63 | 34 | — | 80 | — |
| Tropical (all) | — | — | — | — | — | 86 |
Application — formula & worked example
N₂O–N = (N × EF1) + (N × FracGASF × EF4) + (N × FracLEACH × EF5)
then CO₂e = N₂O–N × 44/28 × GWP.
Disaggregated IPCC route. One tonne (1,000 kg N) of synthetic fertiliser on a wet-climate cropland. Direct: 1,000 × 0.016 = 16 kg N₂O–N. Volatilisation: 1,000 × 0.11 × 0.01 = 1.1 kg. Leaching: 1,000 × 0.24 × 0.011 = 2.64 kg. Total N₂O–N = 19.7 kg → N₂O = 19.7 × 44/28 = 31.0 kg → at AR6 (273): 8,460 kg CO₂e ≈ 8.5 t CO₂e per tonne N.
Aggregate shortcut. DEFRA’s combined factor rolls direct and indirect into one AR5-based value: 1,000 × 5.765 = 5,765 kg CO₂e. It is lower here mainly because it uses the aggregate EF1 (0.01, not the wet-climate 0.016) and the AR5 GWP — a reminder to keep one method and one GWP basis per inventory, and to disclose which.
Framework requirements
Managed-soils N₂O is a Scope 1 agricultural emission for a farming operation, and the Agriculture (Managed Soils) line in national inventories.
| Framework | Role | Basis |
|---|---|---|
| IPCC 2006 National Inventories | Agriculture — Managed Soils (CRF 3D) | These ARE the Tier-1 methods |
| IPCC 2019 Refinement | Updated direct/indirect EFs & fractions | Refines the 2006 soils method |
| GHG Protocol Corporate Standard | Scope 1 (agricultural operations) | IPCC methods; GWP per latest assessment |
Common reporting errors
- Forgetting the 44/28 conversion. The emission factors give N₂O–N (nitrogen mass), not N₂O. Multiply by 44/28 before applying a GWP, or you understate the result by ~36%.
- Reporting N₂O–N or N₂O as CO₂e. Apply the N₂O GWP (AR6 = 273; AR5 = 265) as the final step, and disclose the assessment.
- Omitting the indirect pathways. Volatilisation (EF4) and leaching (EF5) can add 15–30% on top of the direct emission; a direct-only figure is incomplete.
- Mixing the aggregate factor with the disaggregated route. The aggregate fertiliser factor already includes indirect emissions on an AR5 basis — don’t add the per-pathway EFs on top, and don’t mix its AR5 CO₂e with AR6 elsewhere.
- Applying the wet-climate EF1 everywhere. EF1 is 0.005 in dry climates and 0.016 for synthetic N in wet climates; using one value across mixed climates biases the estimate.
- Confusing SOCref with an emission factor. Reference soil organic carbon is a carbon stock (t C/ha) for the soil-carbon-change method — a CO₂ flux estimated from stock differences over time, not an N₂O factor.
- Double-counting liming and urea CO₂. Lime and urea release CO₂ on application; count them once under managed soils, not again under any energy or process line.
Methodology, boundaries & uncertainty
What this dataset is. The IPCC managed-soils N₂O parameter set — direct emission factors (EF1, EF2, EF3PRP), indirect factors (EF4, EF5) and volatilisation/leaching fractions, the 2019 Refinement updates, the aggregate fertiliser factors, and reference soil-organic-carbon stocks — from IPCC 2006 Guidelines Vol.4 Ch.11 (and Ch.2 for SOCref) with 2019 Refinement updates, as implemented in the GreenCalculus MasterBrain. Part of the IPCC AFOLU Tier-1 dataset.
Boundary. N₂O from managed soils (direct and indirect) plus CO₂ from liming and urea application, reported in Scope 1. Excludes enteric and manure-management emissions (separate categories), and energy/machinery CO₂. SOCref supports the mineral-soil carbon-stock-change method, a distinct CO₂ calculation.
Rounding policy. Values are reproduced at IPCC precision. Emission factors are kg N₂O–N per kg N (or per hectare for EF2); fractions are dimensionless; SOCref is t C per hectare (0–30 cm); aggregate fertiliser factors are kg CO₂e per kg N.
Uncertainty. IPCC assigns wide ranges to soil N₂O factors — EF1 spans roughly 0.003–0.03, and indirect factors and fractions carry factor-of-two or larger uncertainty. Tier-1 defaults suit national and screening estimates; country-specific or measured (Tier-2/3) factors are expected where soils are a key category.
Applicability. Global and climate-disaggregated defaults; use the wet/dry and N-source split where activity data allow, and the 2019 Refinement factors when reporting under the Refinement.
Implementation & provenance chain
- Primary source — IPCC 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 4 (AFOLU), Chapter 11 (N₂O from Managed Soils, and CO₂ from Lime and Urea) and Chapter 2 (SOC reference stocks), with 2019 Refinement updates; aggregate fertiliser factors per DEFRA 2025.
- MasterBrain — each parameter is curated under a stable
afolu.soils.*,afolu.soil_c.*orafolu.fertiliser.*key with its source reference and GHG scope/category; current version v2026.203 (2026-09-22). - REST & CSV — the
/afolu-soils-factorsendpoint projects these rows as JSON; the CSV button below serves the identical set. - Calculators — GreenCalculus agriculture tools read the same keys, so a published inventory and this page cannot diverge.
- Update plan — static reference; revalued on a new IPCC refinement to the AFOLU managed-soils method. Logged in the version history and bumps the dataset version.
Data access — REST API & CSV
The full 111-row dataset is available as a machine-readable REST endpoint and as a flat CSV download — the same rows shown above, versioned and citable.
Cache-Control: max-age=3600; X-GC-Version header signals dataset updates. /wp-json/greencalculus/v1/afolu-soils-factors
Click to generate ↓
Citation guidance
Cite the IPCC primary source. These factors are a subset of the GreenCalculus IPCC AFOLU Tier-1 dataset, which holds the citable DOI — cite the parent dataset, not a separate soils DOI.
IPCC (2006). 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 4: Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use, Chapter 11 (N₂O Emissions from Managed Soils, and CO₂ Emissions from Lime and Urea Application), with the 2019 Refinement. Prepared by the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme, IGES, Japan.
IPCC 2006 Guidelines Vol.4 primary citation
Say, Jeremiah (2026). IPCC AFOLU Tier-1 emission factors (machine-readable). GreenCalculus. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20621658
Parent dataset DOI — includes the managed-soils subset
Browse the full IPCC AFOLU Tier-1 emission factors dataset, of which this page is a part.
Frequently asked questions
Soil micro-organisms convert nitrogen through nitrification and denitrification, and a small fraction of that nitrogen is released as nitrous oxide (N₂O) rather than being taken up by plants or fully denitrified to inert N₂ gas. Adding nitrogen — as fertiliser, manure, crop residues or grazing deposits — feeds these processes, so managed agricultural soils are the largest source of agricultural N₂O and one of the largest human N₂O sources overall.
Direct N₂O is emitted from the soil where the nitrogen is added or deposited, scaled by EF1 (per kg N), EF2 (per hectare of drained organic soil) and EF3PRP (grazing deposition). Indirect N₂O comes from nitrogen that first leaves the field — volatilised to the atmosphere as ammonia/NOx and re-deposited (EF4), or leached and run off to water and denitrified there (EF5). A complete estimate includes both.
The IPCC emission factors are expressed as N₂O–N — the mass of nitrogen in the emitted nitrous oxide, not the mass of N₂O itself. Because one N₂O molecule (mass 44) contains two nitrogen atoms (mass 28), you convert nitrogen mass to N₂O mass by multiplying by 44/28 (≈ 1.571). Only then do you apply the N₂O global warming potential to reach CO₂e.
Under IPCC AR6 the 100-year GWP of N₂O is 273; under AR5 it is 265. Apply it after converting N₂O–N to N₂O, and disclose which assessment you used. Note that the aggregate fertiliser factors on this page (5.765 kg CO₂e/kg N) are pre-computed on an AR5 basis, so mixing them with AR6 per-pathway factors would be inconsistent. See the IPCC AR6 GWP values dataset.
The aggregate factor (used by DEFRA) is a convenience value that rolls direct and indirect N₂O into a single kg CO₂e per kg N, handy for a quick corporate estimate where you only know total nitrogen applied. Use the disaggregated IPCC route — separate EF1, EF4 and EF5 with climate and N-source splits — where you need transparency, climate-specific accuracy, or control over the GWP basis. Do not combine the two for the same nitrogen.
SOCref is the reference soil organic carbon stock — the baseline carbon in the top 30 cm of mineral soil under native vegetation, in tonnes of carbon per hectare, tabulated by climate zone and soil type. It underpins the IPCC land-management soil-carbon-change method: multiplying SOCref by land-use, management and input factors gives the managed stock, and the change over time is a CO₂ flux. It is grouped with the soils dataset because it is a soil parameter, but it is a carbon-stock value, not an N₂O emission factor.
Yes. Applying carbonate lime (limestone or dolomite) and urea to soil releases CO₂ as the carbon in those materials is converted, and the IPCC accounts for it in the same managed-soils chapter. The dataset carries the carbon-content factors (t C per tonne of material) so this CO₂ can be estimated alongside the soil N₂O. Count it once, under managed soils.
No — it is a subset. The managed-soils factors here are part of the GreenCalculus IPCC AFOLU Tier-1 emission factors dataset, which carries the single citable Zenodo DOI. This page presents the soils portion in full with its own machine-readable endpoint and CSV, but for citation you reference the parent AFOLU dataset DOI, not a separate soils DOI.
Version history
| Version | Date | MasterBrain | Summary |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.0 | 2026-07-21 | v2026.59 | Initial publication. Complete IPCC 2006 Vol.4 Ch.11 managed-soils N₂O parameter set (111 parameters): direct EFs (EF1/EF2/EF3PRP), indirect EFs (EF4/EF5) & volatilisation/leaching fractions, 2019 Refinement updates, aggregate fertiliser and liming/urea factors, and reference soil-organic-carbon stocks. Formula, worked example, framework mapping, 8-item FAQ, REST + CSV access. Subset of the IPCC AFOLU Tier-1 dataset. |
Explore the full AFOLU dataset
Agricultural soils is one part of the IPCC AFOLU Tier-1 emission factors — the parent dataset also covers enteric fermentation, manure management, rice cultivation, land-use change, forest land and biomass burning, all with machine-readable access and the citable DOI.