Energy & Fuel Combustion
The fuels and energy carriers behind Scope 1 and 2 emissions — calorific values, emission factors, grid intensity, well-to-tank losses and the renewable-energy instruments that shift them.
26 terms
Electricity Emission FactorAn electricity emission factor (gCO₂e/kWh) measures grid carbon intensity. Definition, location-based vs…BiofuelBiofuels are liquid or gaseous fuels made from biomass, used mainly for transport. Why their biogenic CO₂ is…BiomassBiomass is organic matter — wood, pellets, crop residues — burned for heat and power. Why its CO₂ is counted…Calorific Value (NCV/GCV)Calorific value is the energy released when a fuel burns. The net (NCV/LHV) vs gross (GCV/HHV) basis — and…CoalCoal is the most carbon-intensive fossil fuel for power generation. Definition, types (anthracite…DieselDiesel is a refined petroleum fuel powering trucks, generators, and marine engines. Definition, density…Energy Attribute CertificatesEnergy Attribute Certificates (RECs, GOs, I-RECs) prove renewable electricity claims under Scope 2…Energy Performance Certificate (EPC)An EPC rates a UK building's energy efficiency from A to G on a SAP score. What the band measures — energy…Fuel OilFuel oil is a heavy petroleum fuel burned in boilers and ships. Its live CO₂ factors per litre, tonne and…Guarantee of Origin (GO)A guarantee of origin (GO) is an EU certificate proving 1 MWh of energy came from a named source. How GOs…Jet Fuel / KeroseneJet fuel is aviation-grade kerosene (Jet A-1). Its live CO₂ factors, why aviation's warming is ~1.9× the CO₂…Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) is a propane/butane mix used for heating, cooking, and forklifts. Definition…Location-Based Method (Scope 2)The location-based method reports Scope 2 emissions using grid-average electricity factors. GHG Protocol…Marginal vs Average Grid IntensityAverage grid intensity is emissions ÷ generation, for Scope 2 accounting; marginal is the plant responding to…Market-Based Method (Scope 2)The market-based method reports Scope 2 emissions using contractual instruments (RECs, PPAs, GOs). GHG…Natural GasNatural gas is a mostly-methane fossil fuel used for power, heating, and industry. Definition, composition…Petrol / GasolinePetrol (gasoline) is a light fossil fuel for spark-ignition engines. Its live CO₂ factors, how it compares…Power Purchase Agreement (PPA)A power purchase agreement (PPA) is a long-term contract to buy electricity at a fixed price. How physical…Primary EnergyPrimary energy is the energy in raw resources before conversion — distinct from final and useful energy. What…Renewable EnergyRenewable energy comes from naturally replenishing sources — solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, bioenergy. How…Renewable Energy Certificate (REC)A renewable energy certificate (REC) proves 1 MWh of renewable electricity was generated. RPS vs voluntary…Residual MixThe residual mix is the grid electricity factor remaining after EACs are sold. Definition, role in…Scope 3 Category 3Scope 3 Category 3 covers well-to-tank, T&D losses, and upstream energy emissions. Definition, sub-categories…Tank-to-Wheel (TTW)Tank-to-wheel is a vehicle's tailpipe combustion — the operational half of well-to-wheel, and zero for a…Well-to-Tank (WTT)Well-to-tank (WTT) covers upstream emissions from fuel extraction, refining, and distribution. Definition…Well-to-Wheel (WTW)Well-to-wheel covers a transport fuel end to end: well-to-tank plus tank-to-wheel. WTW = WTT + TTW; for…